Approche pédagogique pour la littératie et la numératie chez les jeunes autochtones du Canada : Quelle perspective en période de pandémie?

En mars 2020, la pandémie de Covid19 a conduit à la suspension des classes et de toutes les activités scolaires par les autorités gouvernementales pour aider à contenir la propagation du virus. L’éducation est l’un des secteurs concernés par ces mesures strictes. Les enseignants devaient passer aux méthodes d'apprentissage à distance. Néanmoins, tous les élèves n'avaient pas le soutien nécessaire afin de participer activement aux cours en ligne, à partir de leurs domiciles. Cela en ajoute aux problèmes, car il est reconnu que, par rapport à la population générale, les enfants autochtones ont plus de difficultés d'apprentissage. Le retard langagier, par exemple, est entre autres des problèmes longtemps notifiés chez les enfants autochtones des écoles élémentaires de la communauté de Flin Flon, dans le nord du Manitoba. Même si la cause de ce handicap n’est toujours pas déterminée, une approche pédagogique est nécessaire pour les aider à cheminer et à atteindre, peu soit-il, les objectifs académiques, à l’instar des autres élèves. Cet article tente de réfléchir sur la nécessité de développer les approches d’apprentissage plus adaptées aux conditions des élèves autochtones, tenant compte de l’éducation à distance, dans le contexte de cette pandémie. Des spécialistes dans le domaine de l’éducation, des éducateurs, administrateurs ainsi que des parents devraient être conviés à examiner les paramètres associés au retard langagier, d’une part et aux difficultés d'apprentissage chez les enfants autochtones, d’autre part. Un tel examen se pencherait à la réussite des jeunes autochtones autant dans les cours de type traditionnel (salle de classe) que dans les cours dispensés en ligne, tout en cogitant sur les perspectives d’autres approches utiles.

A reinterpretation of the Snow Lake gold camp, Trans-Hudson Orogen, Canada: The use of cleavages as markers to correlate structures across deformed terranes

The Snow Lake gold camp is located within amphibolite facies volcanic rocks of the ca. 1.88 – 1.87 Ga Flin Flon-Glennie Complex (FFGC) in the Trans-Hudson Orogen, Manitoba. During thrusting and collision with the Archean Sask craton, volcanic rocks were interleaved with turbidites of the ca. 1.855 - 1.84 Ga Burntwood Group and sandstone and conglomerate of the ca. 1.845 - 1.835 Ga Missi Group. The main cleavage in the turbidites was previously attributed to thrusting and used as a marker for correlating structures across the camp. A re-examination of this cleavage suggests that it overprints the thrust faults and formed during later collision between the FFGC and the Archean Superior craton. This has important implications as it further suggests that (1) previously unrecognized, early brittle thrust faults repeat volcanic stratigraphy and may have created the boundary conditions that enabled the formation of ductile thrust faults, fold nappes, and mega sheath folds; (2) shear sense indicators along ductile thrust faults formed during their reactivation as sinistral shear zones rather than during thrusting; and (3) peak metamorphic conditions were caused by thrusting and stacking during collision with the Sask craton but were attained later during collision with the Superior craton due to the time lag between orogenesis and the re-equilibration of regional isotherms. Results from this study may be applicable to other complexly deformed terranes where the dominant regional cleavage differs in expression in mixed volcanic and sedimentary successions and has been used as a marker for correlating structures.

Metamorphic and structural evolution of the Flin Flon – Athapapuskow Lake area, west-central Manitoba

The Flin Flon – Athapapuskow Lake area, situated in the Flin Flon Greenstone Belt, Manitoba, consists of ocean-floor and island-arc assemblages, deformed and metamorphosed during the Trans-Hudson Orogeny (∼1.86–1.69 Ga). A new map of metamorphic mineral assemblages and isograds has been compiled that reveals a largely coherent regional metamorphic sequence increasing in metamorphic grade from prehnite–pumpellyite to amphibolite facies. Regional metamorphism postdates most of the deformation within the area, with the exception of the reactivation of major block-bounding faults. The regional prograde sequence has been subdivided into 10 metamorphic zones, separated by 9 isograds, that describe the transition from prehnite–pumpellyite to greenschist to amphibolite facies. The formation of contact metamorphic aureoles, pre-dating regional metamorphism, record conditions up to amphibolite facies. Equilibrium phase diagrams for the island-arc (low-Mg) and ocean-floor (high-Mg) assemblages were calculated and allow for the evaluation of the modelling techniques and determination of pressure–temperature conditions. Discrepancies between the modelling predictions and natural observations occur due to (1) limitations in the thermodynamic models for some of the complex minerals (e.g., amphibole); and (2) metastable persistence of some minerals to higher grade due to sluggish reaction kinetics. Notwithstanding these discrepancies, the modelling suggests that metamorphosed mafic rocks in the Flin Flon – Athapapuskow Lake area reached about 430–480 °C and 3.0–4.5 kbar. Peak metamorphic conditions within contact aureoles that preceded regional metamorphism did not exceed 500 °C (at a pressure between 2.7 and 4.4 kbar). The metamorphic field gradient records a transition from 250–300 °C/1.5–2.3 kbar to 430–480 °C/3–4.5 kbar (100–150 °C/kbar), defining a geothermal gradient of approximately 25–31 °C/km.

Ore mineralogy of the Chisel Lake Zn-Cu-Ag (+Au) VMS deposit in the Flin Flon – Snow Lake Domain, Manitoba, Canada

The Chisel Lake deposit, in the Flin Flon – Snow Lake Mineral Belt in northern Manitoba, is characterized by an ore mineral assemblage dominated by pyrite and sphalerite, with minor chalcopyrite, galena, and pyrrhotite and trace amounts of other Cu-, Fe-, Sb-, Sn-, As-, Ni-, and Ag-bearing sulfides. Silver is hosted in a variety of Ag-bearing sulfides (chalcopyrite and freibergite–argentotennantite series) and its own sulfide (acanthite). The major elements chemical compositions of the ore sulfides define two populations of sphalerite (Fe-rich and Fe-poor), three populations of chalcopyrite (pure, Ag-rich, and Ag- and Sb-rich), and a typical galena, in addition to pyrite and pyrrhotite. Trace elements are dominated by Mn and Cd for sphalerite; Sn, Zn, and Ge for chalcopyrite; Se and Ni for pyrrhotite; and As and Co for pyrite. Formation temperature was best estimated, from the Fe and trace elements (Ga, Ge, Mn, and In) concentrations in sphalerite, at approximately 340 °C, with other methods giving less reliable temperature and pressure estimates.

Affective Collections: Care Practices in Digital Community Archives

This paper will present the literature, theoretical framework, and preliminary findings of my MLIS/MA thesis. My research explores how digital community archives use participation-based methods to build a feminist ethics of care into the archival process. These participation-based methods encourage community members to contribute to the collecting, describing, and creating of records. I will use thematic analysis and critical discourse analysis to explore communitymade content associated with the Flin Flon Heritage Project and Harvest Moon Oral History. I am specifically exploring how community archives could enact an ethics of care through the use of care practices in a digital environment.