Femoroacetabular impingement syndrome and labral injuries: grading the evidence on diagnosis and non-operative treatment—a statement paper commissioned by the Danish Society of Sports Physical Therapy (DSSF)

This statement summarises and appraises the evidence on diagnostic tests and clinical information, and non-operative treatment of femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) syndrome and labral injuries. We included studies based on the highest available level of evidence as judged by study design. We evaluated the certainty of evidence using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment Development and Evaluation framework. We found 29 studies reporting 23 clinical tests and 14 different forms of clinical information, respectively. Restricted internal hip rotation in 0° hip flexion with or without pain was best to rule in FAI syndrome (low diagnostic effectiveness; low quality of evidence; interpretation of evidence: may increase post-test probability slightly), whereas no pain in Flexion Adduction Internal Rotation test or no restricted range of motion in Flexion Abduction External Rotation test compared with the unaffected side were best to rule out (very low to high diagnostic effectiveness; very low to moderate quality of evidence; interpretation of evidence: very uncertain, but may reduce post-test probability slightly). No forms of clinical information were found useful for diagnosis. For treatment of FAI syndrome, 14 randomised controlled trials were found. Prescribed physiotherapy, consisting of hip strengthening, hip joint manual therapy techniques, functional activity-specific retraining and education showed a small to medium effect size compared with a combination of passive modalities, stretching and advice (very low to low quality of evidence; interpretation of evidence: very uncertain, but may slightly improve outcomes). Prescribed physiotherapy was, however, inferior to hip arthroscopy (small effect size; moderate quality of evidence; interpretation of evidence: hip arthroscopy probably increases outcome slightly). For both domains, the overall quality of evidence ranged from very low to moderate indicating that future research on diagnosis and treatment may alter the conclusions from this review.

PERCEPTION OF HISTORICAL THINKING SKILLS PRACTICE: AN OVERVIEW OF THE DIFFERENCES IN THE ACHIEVEMENT OF GIFTED AND TALENTED STUDENTS

Teaching and Learning (PdP) in history subject has always been considered tedious by learners and mostly stigmatized by a mindset that learning history demands a high memory capacity for memorization of facts. However, this perception is completely untrue as the Ministry of Education Malaysia (MoE) has instilled creative and critical skills in subjects taught throughout Malaysia including history subjects. In History subjects, creative and critical skills are measured using Historical Thinking Skills (KPS) in its teaching and learning. It is aimed at not only focusing on facts memorising but also inculcating thinking skills of history itself as an element that can make the subject more exciting and able to promote patriotism to students. Therefore, this study was carried out to assess the extent of perception of KPS among gifted and talented students with different abilities at GENIUS@Pintar College, UKM. To achieve this goal, 410 students were randomly chosen to meet the study requirements in looking at perceptions of practices KPS among students with different abilities. All respondents are male and female students from Foundation 1 to Level 2, between 12 to 17 years old of age. Likert scale instruments have been used for data collection and as a measurement of the perception of practice KPS among students with different abilities including identification of historical evidence, interpretation of History, rationalization of History, the imagination of History, and identification of historical chronology.

Chemometrics in forensic science: approaches and applications

This tutorial review provides an overview of common chemometric methods, and their potential uses within forensic science for evidence interpretation and optimisation of analytical procedures.