Maksud Yesus dalam Peristiwa Baptisan: Sebuah Tanggapan Teologis terhadap Marcus J. Borg

Jesus’ baptism does not only refer to His divine role, but moreover to His divine identity. This is a theological declaration that He is God. However, Marcus J. Borg asserted that Jesus’ baptism was Jesus’ deep spiritual awareness toward spiritual world and the presence of God’s Spirit in His life. This does not indicate His divinity at all. Based on these two contradictory views, a problem remains to be solved: Is Borg’s assumption correct? What is actually Jesus’ true intention in His baptism? This was the focus of the research. This writing exerted to describe particularly Borg’s view on Jesus’ baptism, analyzed and responded to his view according to evangelical perspective. Despite the fact that Borg’s view on Jesus’ baptism has widely garnered support from modern theological readers, his theology is still far from orthodox theology because it was too socio-anthropological based analysis and ignored the Bible as God’s revelation.Abstrak. Baptisan Tuhan Yesus bukan hanya merujuk kepada fungsi jabatan-Nya, tapi lebih daripada itu, yaitu kepada identitas ilahi-Nya. Ini merupakan sebuah deklarasi teologis bahwa Ia adalah Allah. Tetapi Marcus J. Borg menyatakan bahwa baptisan Yesus sebagai sebuah kesadaran spiritual Yesus yang mendalam akan dunia roh dan kehadiran Roh Allah dalam hidup-Nya. Hal ini sama sekali tidak mengindikasikan keilahian-Nya. Mengaitkan kedua pandangan yang bertolakbelakang ini, muncul permasalahan: benarkah asumsi Borg di atas? Apakah sebenarnya yang menjadi intensi Yesus dalam peristiwa baptisan tersebut? Inilah yang menjadi fokus penelitian penulis. Tulisan ini berusaha untuk memaparkan secara khusus pandangan Borg dalam peristiwa baptisan Yesus dan menganalisis serta menanggapi pandangannya menurut perspektif injili. Terlepas dari pandangan Borg yang digemari di kalangan pembaca teologi modern tentang baptisan Yesus, pemikirannya masih jauh dari teologi ortodoks oleh karena terlalu berpijak pada analisis secara sosio-antropologis dan mengabaikan Alkitab sebagai wahyu dari Allah.

The uncertainty of Intention

The general difficulty of identifying true intentions specifically haunts the sacrament of Penance, where the intention to repent can be feigned. The lure of hidden intentions animates Decameron 3.3: a wife converts her confessor into her pimp by hiding from him her true intention to use him as a go-between in arranging an affair with his friend. The danger of hidden intentions is exemplified in Decameron 8.7: Rinieri, infatuated with Elena, fails to discover her intention only to make a fool of him until he stands frozen at her door at Christmas. He in turn hides his intention to enact vengeance until he succeeds in stranding her, naked, on a rooftop in the blazing summer sun. “The Wife of Bath’s Prologue” challenges her audience/reader to discover the intention(s) behind her account of “experience” as a “Pauline nightmare” of multiple marriages, sexual excess, and apparent conformity to misogynist and misogamous traditions.

The manipulative characteristics of the tactics of the implementation of the “subterfuge” strategy in the novel “Catch 22” (by J. Heller)

The article deals with the analysis of the “subterfuge strategy”, ten tactics of its implementation in the novel by J. Heller “Catch-22”. The article focuses on the manipulative potential of these tactics and the language means used to carry it out. The “subterfuge” strategy is treated as a direct violation of the norms of interaction and the main principle of cooperation. Its main goal is to conceal the speaker’s true intention in communicative situations of rivalry, hiding the truth, accusation, threat, aggression, reproach, flattery, silencing, protecting one’s own interests and value orientations, misleading, etc . Pragmatically the “subterfuge strategy” incorporates the characteristics of various types of speech actions such as: assertives, directives, expressiives, commissives, orders, demands, etc. All of them convey specific psychological states of the interlocutors. The paper focuses on the implementation of the subterfuge strategy through ten tactics: tactics of ignorance; tactics of expressing open disrespect; tactics of attacking, intimidation (transition to personality); tactics of making aggressive remarks under the guise of a joke and irony; tactics of question-to-question response; tactics of the game on self-esteem; compromising and belittling tactics; tactics of accusation and provoking feelings of guilt; persuasion tactics; tactics of question attack.

Effectuating Change: A Tool Box of Strategies for Reducing the Unnecessary Use of Administrative Court Orders

This article is a sequel to Correctional Afterthought, in which the author argued that Gladue’s promise of reducing Indigenous over-incarceration by employing non-custodial measures has been thwarted. By insisting on alternatives to incarceration, the justice system is forced to rely on administrative court orders managed by provincial probation services. The judiciary and justice system participants possess a misplaced faith in the probationary regime, which functions as a repressive system of control that necessarily views the Indigenous accused as a risk that must be managed. The most common probation conditions, far from fostering reintegration, serve to erode individual autonomy, engender mistrust, alienation, resentment, and resistance; in the end creating disunity and discord. The aim of Effectuating Change is to offer a sound proposal for legislative reform and in the interim, practical sentencing solutions to deliver the true intention of Gladue and its offspring. Regardless of whether the proposals in this article are vigorously critiqued, supported, denounced or modified the hope is that they create a springboard for creative solutions to the problems identified in Correctional Afterthought.

Divine Command, Natural Law, and Redemption in Calvin’s Thought

Calvin formulates an ethical framework in which the idea of natural law is interwoven with divine command ethics in a way that leads to a new awareness of the unique relationship between God’s authority and human autonomy with regards to morality. For Calvin, God’s creational order is the ultimate source of natural law and the natural moral order perceived by natural reason still provides true sources for human morality. He does not underestimate, however, the noetic effect of sin on natural reason. In fact, Calvin takes seriously the epistemological limitation of the created but fallen natural reason with regard to understanding the true intention of creational moral order in its full scope and meaning. So, he argues that the scriptural revelation does not just complement natural morality, but it redeems it. His view thus successfully rules out extreme views of both natural law and divine command ethics that render morality either utterly autonomous or rigidly heteronomous. For Calvin, God’s authority in morality and the natural moral order are reconciled because the heteronomy of revealed laws and the autonomy of natural law are reintegrated in redeemed reason. In this view, humans can acknowledge the God-commanded biblical moral law by their natural reason because the biblical moral law is a written manifestation of natural law. The regenerate can wholly acknowledge it through the renewal of their natural reason while the unregenerate can partly acknowledge it through common grace of God that preserves functionality of natural reason in fallen humanity to a certain degree.

中國古代「詩用」語境中的「多重性讀者」

<p>「五四」以降，學者普遍抱持著「為藝術而藝術」的「純文學」觀念，以詮釋、批判中國古代文學。這全是新知識分子反儒家傳統之文化意識型態的投射，不合中國古代文學的「動態性歷史語境」。其實，中國古代士人階層的生活中，詩無所不在，乃是他們社會文化行為所使用既普遍又特殊的言語形式，可稱它為「詩用」；因此本人從而系統化的建構「中國詩用學」。本論文題為〈中國古代「詩用」語境中的「多重性讀者」〉，就是在這一「詩用學」的理論基礎上，深入而全面探討中國古代在「詩用」語境中的「多重性讀者」，以及由此所獲致的文本「意義詮釋」，尤其「作者本意」之詮釋如何可能?更是重要問題。這個論點可以對顯現當代很多學者詮釋古代詩歌，由於缺乏「動態性歷史語境」的觀念，往往將文本從此一語境抽離出來，只做靜態性的詮釋，故而誤以為當代讀者是唯一的讀者，完全不了解在漫長的文本傳播過程中，實歷經多重性的讀者；因此，文本意義的詮釋也被現當代學者所簡化了。</p> <p>&nbsp;</p><p>After the May-Fourth Movement, &quot;art for art’s sake&quot; was a &quot;pure literature&quot; concept popular among scholars who interpreted and criticized classic Chinese literature based on this idea. Such a phenomenon was purely an ideological projection of anti-Confucianism by the new intellects, which failed to comply with the &quot;dynamic historical linguistic context&quot; of ancient Chinese literature. In fact, poetry was ubiquitous in the daily life of ancient Chinese intellects. Poetry was the common but unique language form, dubbed as &quot;the use of poetry&quot; as used by literati in sociocultural settings. I, therefore, construct the &quot;the use of Chinese poetry theory&quot; systematically. It is on the basis of the &quot;use of poetry&quot; theory that &quot; ’Readers of plural identifications’ in the linguistic context of ’the use of poetry’ &quot; of the ancient Chinese discusses extensively and profoundly on the &quot;readers of plural identifications&quot; and the &quot;interpretation of meanings&quot; retrieved from the texts, particularly the possibility of the interpretation of the &quot;author’s true intention,&quot; which is the most important issue. The viewpoint may manifest the simplified interpretation of meanings by contemporary scholars due to their lack of the concept of &quot;dynamic historical linguistic context&quot;; as a result, contemporary scholars tend to estrange the text from its linguistic context and make static interpretations, mistaking contemporary readers as the only readers. They fail to understand that during the long process of dissemination, the texts have experienced readers of plural identifications.</p> <p>&nbsp;</p>

Application of the Interpretive Theory of Translation to Business Interpretation

The Interpretative Theory of Translation (ITT) was first developed on the basis of empirical practice and observation of interpreting. Its core idea is that the interpreter understands the source language and grasps the intention conveyed by the source language, then breaks away from the external form of the source language and expresses the speaker’s intention in idiomatic target language. Business interpretation is characterized by being purposeful, extemporaneous, time-limited, and comprehensive. In view of these features, business interpreter should observe the principles of faithfulness and efficiency. The main purpose of interpretation, according to ITT, is to transfer the information and explain the true intention of the speaker. This paper, on the basis of real example analysis, puts forward two coping strategies—simplification strategy and adaptation strategy, under the guidance of ITT. Simplification means to simplify the content expressed by the speaker without changing the speaker’s real intention, whereas adaptation strategy totally forgets the original structure and tries to express the speaker’s intention. Compared with the simplification strategy, the adaptation strategy is more flexible, but the main purpose of both is to express the true intention of the speakers and promote business activities.

Substitution-based linguistic steganography based on antonyms

<span>The study of steganography focuses on strengthening the security in protecting content message by hiding the true intention behind the texts. However, </span><span>existing linguistic steganography approach especially in synonym-based substitution is prone to attack. In this paper, a new substitution-based approach for linguistic steganography is proposed using antonyms. The antonym-based stego-text generation algorithm is implemented in a tool called the Antonym Substitution-based (ASb). Evaluation of ASb was carried out via verification and validation. The results showed highly favorable performance of this approach.</span>