Abstract
Convergence to equilibrium of underdamped Langevin dynamics is studied under general assumptions on the potential U allowing for singularities. By modifying the direct approach to convergence in L
2 pioneered by Hérau and developed by Dolbeault et al, we show that the dynamics converges exponentially fast to equilibrium in the topologies L
2(dμ) and L
2(W* dμ), where μ denotes the invariant probability measure and W* is a suitable Lyapunov weight. In both norms, we make precise how the exponential convergence rate depends on the friction parameter γ in Langevin dynamics, by providing a lower bound scaling as min(γ, γ
−1). The results hold for usual polynomial-type potentials as well as potentials with singularities such as those arising from pairwise Lennard-Jones interactions between particles.