State of emergency and Human Rights – the situation of Hungary

In the first days of 2020, the nations of Europe could hardly imagine that their lives were going to change so drastically in a couple of months. SARS – Covid 19, aka coronavirus resulted in a great change in all societies on the globe. Most countries introduced a state of emergency and made restrictions on many aspects of people’s lives. The present paper intends to give an overview of the measures that the Hungarian government has taken so far. For this purpose, it first analyses the legal background of state of emergency that would help understand the present situation. Secondly, it describes the measures taken, and finally it evaluates how the measures affect human rights, especially free movement, freedom of enterprise and free speech.

The making of a ‘new Dubai’

In Tharparkar, south-east Pakistan, over 300 kilometres of roads are being constructed to facilitate access to a coalfield intended to provide power to an electricity-starved country. The new roads are often sold as harbingers of great change and signs of modernity. Industry and the sought-after prize of foreign direct investment are presented as being just around the corner. I was often told that Thar (Tharparkar) would become ‘a Dubai’, which represented an ultimate symbol of modernity. Scholars have argued that neoliberalism’s achievements are double: narrowing the window of political debate, while promising prospects without limit. In Tharparkar, the immediate roads effect has been increased land speculation, with little tangible improvements with regards to local employment. I argue that the ‘transition rhetoric’ being used by the state and the local political elite has no relation to the actual economic and political processes, except to veil interests of the elite groups. The material from Tharparker demonstrates that roads as symbols of ‘modernity’ can be used to deconstruct some of the contradictions at the heart of many modernization myths.

The Tumultuous Island

The years following Sarah and Isaac’s conversion were ones of great change on the island, rife with controversies and rebellion. On the one hand the Brandon-Lopez-Gill clan was prospering, with both Brandon cousins and Lopez-Gill uncles making important marriages. Yet the synagogue was in disarray, with interracial sex often at the center of controversies. While unmarried Jewish men like Sarah and Isaac’s father suffered no penalties for extramarital affairs, married Jews and religious leaders found themselves repeatedly sanctioned by the synagogue, their intimate affairs laid open. Racial tensions on the island reached a peak in 1816 when a slave revolt broke out near the southern coast. In the years following the revolt, free people of color would seek compensation for their support in suppressing the insurrection. Petitions and religion, rather than open rebellion, became the new path to power.

Mary Merryweather – Nursing pioneer and proto feminist

Mary Merryweather was the first Lady superintendent of Liverpool's first school of nursing. The school was a pioneer in nurse training at the very moment the definition of modern nursing was becoming fixed. She went on to manage the school of nursing at the Westminster hospital in London, at a time of great change and controversy. In addition to this she was very active in the fields of womens' health, womens' suffrage and the rights of women to a career. She was a friend to numerous Victorian feminist notables and was published in a variety of feminist Publications

WILLIAM STUKELEY’S HOUSE AND GARDEN IN GRANTHAM, 1726–9

After spending seven years practising as a doctor in Boston, William Stukeley moved to London in 1717. The following years were his most fertile, but by 1725 he had become disillusioned with Town and decided to move to Grantham in his home county of Lincolnshire. During his brief stay, 1726–9, he modernised his seventeenth-century yeoman’s house, and simultaneously developed ideas on the religion of the Druids and garden design that were unique and interacted with each other. Both were greatly influenced by the archaeological discoveries he had made at Stonehenge and Avebury (1719–24). At the same time he gradually changed his ideas on Christianity, which led to ordination in 1729 and a great change in his life.

Resoconto sul Convegno Internazionale in video-conferenza Rome Education Forum 2020 «Didattiche e didattica universitaria: teorie, cultura, pratiche alla prova del lockdown da Covid-19»

The learning processes of the academic year 2019/2020 were characterized by a great change: the general suspension of teaching in presence and the synchronous and asynchronous start of lessons due to the spread of the Sars-Cov-2 virus (Covid-19). This change required teachers of all types and institutional grades to re-design educational activities using information and communication technologies. The International Conference on «Didactics and university didactics: Theories, cultures, practices» at the test of the Covid- 19 Lockdown, had as its objective the comparison between experts who have returned, on the basis of empirical evidences, a picture of the impact that the use of ICT has determined on the learning and socialization of pupils and on the autonomy of the various scholastic and university institutions.