Maternal mortality: structure and solutions to the problem

Maternal mortality is the most important indicator of womens health, but its level is still high. In 2018, 146 cases of maternal death were registered in the Russian Federation. Its main causes were extragenital diseases, bleeding, preeclampsia and eclampsia, amniotic fluid embolism, clinical narrow pelvis, and unsafe abortion. The aim of this study was to assess the structure of maternal mortality in recent years and to evaluate possible ways to reduce it. This was achieved by using an analytical method including carrying out a detailed systematic analysis of modern domestic and foreign literature on the maternal mortality issue. The study used databases such as eLIBRARY.RU, Scopus, PubMed, MEDLINE, ScienceDirect, and Cochrane Library from the creation until July 2021. The measures adopted so far do not allow for counting on a further decrease in maternal mortality rate, therefore the coming decade requires the introduction of artificial intelligence technologies.

Liderazgo femenino en medicina y su evolución en el tiempo: 50 años de análisis bibliométrico

Resumen Objetivo Realizar un análisis bibliométrico sobre el liderazgo femenino en medicina para conocer el panorama actual y dirigir futuras investigaciones. Métodos Se realizó un análisis bibliométrico descriptivo retrospectivo de la literatura disponible en MEDLINE en relación con el liderazgo de mujeres médicas de 1973 al 2019.Se utilizó Pubmed y FABUMED, y la siguiente estrategia: ("Leadership"[Mesh]) AND "Physicians, Women"[Mesh] (1973:2019[dp]). Se incluyeron artículos originales, de revista, ensayos, informes científicos y reseñas, para analizar toda la literatura indexada relacionada.Para la obtención del factor de impacto (FI), se utilizó el Journal Citation Reports (7)2017/2018 de las revistas encontradas para estimar la calidad de cada una de ellas. Resultados Un total de 310 referencias fueron encontradas en 139 revistas publicadas, el 71,2% fueron artículos originales, el resto revisiones. Hubo un incremento en las publicaciones de 1996 al 2019 en un 11,9%. Las revistas con mayor porcentaje de publicaciones fueron: Academic Medicine y J Womens Health (Larchmt), con 7,7% y 7,1%. Los países con mayores publicaciones fueron Estados Unidos, con 66 (56%) y Reino Unido con 10 (8,6%). América latina tiene cuatro publicaciones y Colombia no cuenta con ninguna publicación indexada. Conclusión El liderazgo femenino en medicina y las publicaciones sobre el tema han aumentado en las últimas décadas en países industrializados. Por su parte, Latinoamérica debe aumentar sus esfuerzos en publicar en revistas con alto factor de impacto para trabajar por la equidad de género.

Mary Merryweather – Nursing pioneer and proto feminist

Mary Merryweather was the first Lady superintendent of Liverpool's first school of nursing. The school was a pioneer in nurse training at the very moment the definition of modern nursing was becoming fixed. She went on to manage the school of nursing at the Westminster hospital in London, at a time of great change and controversy. In addition to this she was very active in the fields of womens' health, womens' suffrage and the rights of women to a career. She was a friend to numerous Victorian feminist notables and was published in a variety of feminist Publications

The effect of mobile applications for menstrual cycle or fertility trackers on women's health: protocol for a systematic review

Background Nowadays the use of smartphones and the development of health-related mobile applications has increased worldwide. Menstrual cycle tracking applications (MCTAs) have become especially popular among women because of their practicality in recording menstrual cycles, characteristics of bleeding and prediction of cycle stages. There are various studies regarding the use of MCTAs for different aspects of womens health such as estimating a fertility window for both conception and contraception, help register last menstrual period for calculation of gestational age, record pre-menstrual symptoms, among others. However, effects of MCTAs have not been analyzed in a systematic review. Objective The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of mobile applications for menstrual cycle or fertility trackers on womens health. Methods A systematic review will be conducted, starting with a search in PubMed, CENTRAL and Scopus using search terms related to mobile applications and menstrual or fertility tracking. Only randomized controlled trials will be screened with a sample of child-bearing aged women that use menstrual or fertility tracking mobile applications. Selected studies will be fully analyzed and the results will be recorded on a spread sheet. Study selection and data extraction will be conducted by two reviewers independently and the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool for RCT will be used for assessment of risk of bias. Discrepancies will be reviewed with a third reviewer. Conclusion Currently, there is a lack of information on the effects of using MCTAs on womens health. This systematic review aims to provide an analysis on the outcomes of the usage of these applications and evaluate any potential effects. Keywords Menstrual cycle, mobile application, tracking, womens health Conflicts of interest All authors declare to have no conflicts of interest.

SAT-027 Comparison of Estradiol by Mass Spectrometry Versus Immunoassay in Women Undergoing Menopause: Study of Womens Health Across the Nation (SWAN)

Serum estradiol (E2) concentrations in midreproductive women are easily measured using a variety of conventional immunoassays (IA). However, when women approach and traverse menopause, E2 eventually drops below levels where IA lacks sufficient sensitivity to accurately measure E2. Liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) has become the standard method for assessing steroid hormones, especially when circulating concentrations are low. We evaluated the relationship between IA and LC/MS/MS E2 measurements in a cohort of women taken from the Study of Womens Health Across the Nation (SWAN) to assess the degree of agreement between the two methods and to determine the level of E2 at which IA becomes unreliable. Methods: 315 serum samples that had been previously measured for E2 using IA were re-analyzed using LC/MS/MS performed by one of the authors (RA). In this original set, E2 levels that were below the limit of assay detection (LLD, 6 pg/ml) were interpolated as a random number between 0 and the LLD. Agreement between all 315 samples was assessed using both Pearson and Spearman correlation. The analysis was repeated excluding the subset of specimens that were below the lower limit of detection (LLD) for the IA E2 assay (6 pg/ml; N=176), and a third set of correlations was obtained for specimens that measured <15 pg/ml by IA but were above the 6 pg/ml LLD (N=82). Results: The overall dataset (N=315) demonstrated excellent agreement between IA and LC/MS/MS with a Pearson’s r and Spearmans r of 0.98 AND 0.60, respectively. When the subset of 176 samples above the LLD were assessed, Pearson’s r was 0.98 and Spearman’s r was 0.81. In contrast, when specimens measuring 6–15 pg/ml by IA were compared to LC/MS/MS, Pearson’s r was -0.03 and Spearman’s r was 0.09, indicating a complete loss of relationship between the two methods. Conclusions: The IA used by SWAN (England, Clin Chem 2002; 48: 1584) and LC/MS/MS demonstrate excellent correlation for E2 measurements above 15 pg/ml. However, circulating concentrations of E2 below 15 pg/ml were not accurately measured using IA.

Womens; Health surveys; Musculoskeletal system; Noncommunicable diseases; Health status.

Estudo transversal de base populacional, realizado em 2014, cujo objetivo foi verificar as associações entre o perfil sociodemográfico, morbidades referidas, indicadores de bem estar e trabalho remunerado, analisando dados do Inquérito de Saúde da Mulher da cidade de Uberaba/MG. As características sociodemográficas foram autorrelatadas. As morbidades referidas foram avaliadas por meio de autorrelato, a partir de uma lista baseada no questionário Índice de Capacidade para o Trabalho e os indicadores de bem estar por meio de algumas questões do Questionário WHOQOL- bref, da Escala de Escala de Rastreamento Populacional de Depressão e do Self-Report Questionnaire. Participaram 1.483 mulheres (533 com e 950 sem trabalho remunerado). Das mulheres que não exerciam trabalho remunerado, 41,9% estava na faixa estaria de 60 anos ou mais, 51,26% em união estável, apresentaram média de escolaridade de 7,76 (±5,23) anos e de renda per capita de 815,98 (±1082,75) reais. A maioria das que exerciam trabalho remunerado (54,6%), estava na faixa etária de 35-59 anos e 303 (56,85%) não estava em união estável, com média de escolaridade de 9,17(±4,90) anos e renda per capita de 788,55 (±766,69) reais. Houve diferenças significativas entre os grupos, indicando mulheres sem união estável e maior escolaridade exercendo trabalho remunerado. As morbidades mais relatadas por todas as mulheres foram as respiratórias, endócrinas/metabólicas e genitourinárias. As que exerciam trabalho remunerado estavam significativamente satisfeitas/muita Satisfeitas com o desempenho das atividades do dia a dia, relataram nada/muito pouco impedimento para realizar atividades devido a dor. Houve maior comprometimento para as donas de casa com relação sentir-se nervosa/tensa/preocupada, cansar com facilidade e apresentar esforço para realizar tarefas habituais.