Kondisi dan Pengelolaan Kawasan Hulu DAS Belawan Hubungannya dengan Tingkat Bahaya Erosi pada Lahan Budidaya di Kabupaten Deli Serdang

The Belawan watershed is located at Deli Serdang Regency and Medan City, with mountainous terrain (70.58%), hills (35.15%), and slopes (20.28%). This study aims to identify the risk of erosion of cropland, especially coffee, corn, and chocolate, to identify more appropriate erosion control measures to achieve regional protection objectives . The research was conducted in the upstream Belawan watershed in the Sibolangit, Bandar Baru, and Kutalimbaru regions from September 2020 to December 2020. The magnitude of the erosion hazard value is analysed using the USLE approach . The USLE method on the amount of erosion is determined by 5 (five) factors, these factors are the rainfall erosion factor (R); soil erodibility factor (K); vegetation factor (C); conservation factor (P) and topography factor (LS). The erosion rate valuefor land use types varies from 95.27 tons/Ha.yr to 232.43 tons/Ha.yr. The amount of erosion that can be tolerated in land use for coffee, corn, and cacao ranges from 19.94 tons/Ha.yr to 39.79 tons/Ha.yr. The risk level for erosion in coffee areas 4.83 and 10.86 with high criteria and very high criteria; in areas of corn event 6.29 and 8.38 with high criteria and in brown areas 5.24 and 3.88 with high criteria and medium criteria.

The synergetic effects of a harvesting and conservation method designed for small producers on the quality parameters of the produced olive oil.

The production of ‘Premium’ olive oil depends in a large part on the quality of the fruit. Small producers see themselves confronted with vast investments and logistic snags when they intend to optimize the harvesting. Today, manual harvesting devices promise less damaged fruit when compared to the traditional methods with nets while the use of a cooling room on the farm is suggested as a solution when the harvesting needs to be stretched out over several days. The use of a manual inverted umbrella during the harvest, together with a storage up to 14 days at 5 °C at a family farm, was studied for three cultivars, ‘Arbequina’, ‘Picual’, and ‘Verdial’. Ten quality parameters of the produced oil were examined in two consecutive years together with an extended sensory analysis in the first year. The results underline the importance of the used harvesting and conservation method on the quality of the extracted oil. The strength of each factor varied in time and according to the cultivar. The ‘Arbequina’ c.v. showed a rapid increase in the importance of the conservation factor, while ‘Picual’ c.v. was the most resistant to deterioration, presenting a lower explanatory value of the conservation factor as compared to the harvesting one. The results indicate that small producers with financial and logistic restrictions can obtain a high-quality product. Either by combining both methods or by choosing the one that guarantees the best results given the cultivar and the specific storage time they need to consider.

The synergetic effects of a harvesting and conservation method designed for small producers on the quality parameters of the produced olive oil.

The production of ‘Premium’ olive oil depends in a large part on the quality of the fruit. Small producers see themselves confronted with vast investments and logistic snags when they intend to optimize the harvesting. Today, manual harvesting devices promise less damaged fruit when compared to the traditional methods with nets while the use of a cooling room on the farm is suggested as a solution when the harvesting needs to be stretched out over several days. The use of a manual inverted umbrella during the harvest, together with a storage up to 14 days at 5 °C at a family farm, was studied for three cultivars, ‘Arbequina’, ‘Picual’, and ‘Verdial’. Ten quality parameters of the produced oil were examined in two consecutive years together with an extended sensory analysis in the first year. The results underline the importance of the used harvesting and conservation method on the quality of the extracted oil. The strength of each factor varied in time and according to the cultivar. The ‘Arbequina’ c.v. showed a rapid increase in the importance of the conservation factor, while ‘Picual’ c.v. was the most resistant to deterioration, presenting a lower explanatory value of the conservation factor as compared to the harvesting one. The results indicate that small producers with financial and logistic restrictions can obtain a high-quality product. Either by combining both methods or by choosing the one that guarantees the best results given the cultivar and the specific storage time they need to consider.

Calculation Of Sedimentation Rate at Sempor Reservoirs in 2018 Using Modified Universal Soil Loss Equation Method (MUSLE)

Sempor Reservoir located in the Telomoyo River Basin in the Serayu River region is categorized as one of the priority watersheds based on the 2015-2019 Strategic Plan of the Ministry of Environment and Forestry. Priority watershed is a watershed that gets more attention in controlling water pollution, one of which is sedimentation. Watershed observation and management activities are needed for the reservoir to operate optimally. One of the observations and management activities of the Sempor Watershed is the calculation of sedimentation rate. In this research the sedimentation rate was calculated using the MUSLE method that included runoff parameter, erodibility, slope, land cover and conservation factor. The Sempor watershed boundary is obtained through delineation of DEM. The calculation is done by utilizing a Geographic Information System (GIS) through analysis of soil type maps, length and slope maps, land cover and conservation maps with the boundaries of the Sempor Reservoir. Based on this result, the Sempor Reservoir has a sedimentation rate of 166,173,500 tons/year and a sedimentation thickness rate of 3,7259 mm/year. According to the provisions of the Ministry of Forestry in 2009, the rate of sedimentation thickness in the Sempor Reservoir is included in the medium class. The river as one of the potential means of sediment transport contributes to the rate of sediment thickness of 3.7256 mm /year, while for areas outside the river coverage it only 0.003 mm/year. The river has a major influence on sedimentation in the Sempor Reservoir.

Toward the Development of Ecotourism Attitudes among Residents of Wutai Township Following Typhoon Morakot

This study uses a questionnaire survey method to assess attitudes toward the development of ecotourism among residents of Wutai Township following Typhoon Morakot. The results show that residents held positive attitudes toward the promotion of ecotourism. Factors influencing the promotion of ecotourism are tourism service, community development, cultural continuity, and environmental conservation factor. Based on potential differences due to sex, age, and level of education, the results show that aside from significant variations on environmental conservation factors, the remaining factors did not show any significant variations. For the environmental conservation factors, the group of 31-40 year old was more likely to have positive attitudes than other age groups.