Time Is Brain: Acute Control of Repetitive Seizures and Status Epilepticus Using Alternative Routes of Administration of Benzodiazepines

Time plays a major role in seizure evaluation and treatment. Acute repetitive seizures and status epilepticus are medical emergencies that require immediate assessment and treatment for optimal therapeutic response. Benzodiazepines are considered the first-line agent for rapid seizure control. Thus, various routes of administration of benzodiazepines have been studied to facilitate a quick, effective, and easy therapy administration. Choosing the right agent may vary based on the drug and route properties, patient’s environment, caregiver’s skills, and drug accessibility. The pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic aspects of benzodiazepines are essential in the decision-making process. Ultimately, agents and routes that give the highest bioavailability, fastest absorption, and a modest duration are preferred. In the outpatient setting, intranasal and buccal routes appear to be equally effective and more rapidly administered than rectal diazepam. On the other hand, in the inpatient setting, if available, the IV route is ideal for benzodiazepine administration to avoid any potential absorption delay. In this article, we will provide an overview and comparison of the various routes of benzodiazepine administration for acute control of repetitive seizures and status epilepticus.

ANALISIS FAKTOR–FAKTOR YANG MEMENGARUHI KETERLAMBATAN DAYA SERAP ANGGARAN (Studi Empiris Pada SKPD Pemprov NTB)

The purpose of this study to determine whether the planning, regulation, coordination, implementation, decentralization and human resources are all factors that influence delays in budget absorption. This type of research is a survey research with purposive sampling technique that personnel involved in the budgeting process and apparatus that are involved in the process of administration. The analysis technique used is multiple linear regression analysis to analyze the variables influence the planning, regulation, coordination, implementation, decentralization and human resources in the budget absorption. Results of the study found that the planning, regulation, implementation, decentralization, coordination and human resources do not affect the absorption delay budget. Future studies should broaden the scope of the sample and fix theindicator variables are used primarily for budgeting, planning-related issues.

ABSORPTION-DELAY MODELS OF HEAT TRANSPORT

A temperature jump in water traveling through a pipe is delayed by the absorption of heat into the pipe wall. The convective transport of heat by the water and the conductive exchange with the interior pipe wall are described by an exact but highly singular micro-model. The limiting form of this parabolic initial-boundary-value problem is a distributed microstructure model, which can successively be better approximated by simpler first- and second-order kinetic models. This model provides a means to validate and calibrate these classical multi-temperature kinetic models which are used to describe the delay.