Unexplained repeated pregnancy loss is associated with altered perceptual and brain responses to men’s body-odor

Mammalian olfaction and reproduction are tightly linked, a link less explored in humans. Here, we asked whether human unexplained repeated pregnancy loss (uRPL) is associated with altered olfaction, and particularly altered olfactory responses to body-odor. We found that whereas most women with uRPL could identify the body-odor of their spouse, most control women could not. Moreover, women with uRPL rated the perceptual attributes of men's body-odor differently from controls. These pronounced differences were accompanied by an only modest albeit significant advantage in ordinary, non-body-odor-related olfaction in uRPL. Next, using structural and functional brain imaging, we found that in comparison to controls, most women with uRPL had smaller olfactory bulbs, yet increased hypothalamic response in association with men's body-odor. These findings combine to suggest altered olfactory perceptual and brain responses in women experiencing uRPL, particularly in relation to men's body-odor. Whether this link has any causal aspects to it remains to be explored.

A possible link between olfaction and miscarriage

Unexplained repeated pregnancy loss is associated with an altered perception of male odors and differences in brain regions that process smells.

AYURVED APPROACH TO PUTRAGHNI YONIVYAPADA W.S.R. TO HABITUAL ABORTION DUE TO TORCH INFECTION: CASE STUDY

Pregnancy is the start of an incredible journey that leads to great emotional fulfilment to woman. Pregnancy loss is a physically and emotionally demanding for couples. Recurrent Pregnancy Loss (RPL) is also called as Recurrent Miscarriage or Habitual Abortion. It is defined as three consecutive pregnancy losses prior to 20weeks of pregnancy from the last menstrual cycle (LMP). Putraghni is a condition where repeated pregnancy loss occurs because of Artava dosha, Rakta dosha, Ati raktasrava. The article is to understand the Putraghni Yonivyapada w.s.r. to habitual abortion caused due to TORCH Infection and to study the effect of Ayurvedic medicines in the management of Putraghni Yonivyapada w.s.r. to habitual abortion caused due to TORCH Infection. The method is the single arm, open labelled case study of the subject of 27 yrs age having repeated pregnancy loss who has been treated with Shamana Chikitsa throughout pregnancy, Matrabasti and Yonipichu in 8th and 9th months. Pregnancy continued with treatment. Antenatal visits and Ultrasonography observations gave positive outcomes with healthy foetal growth. Patient delivered a full term single live male baby vaginally on 27/10/2019 at 3:20PM with 2.8kg. No birth anomalies were detected. The selected treatment protocol i.e., Shamana Aushadha, Matrabasti and Yonipichu in 8th and 9th month are found very effective in the management of Putraghni Yonivyapada w.s.r. to habitual abortion caused due to TORCH Infection.

The role of dydrogesterone in habitual miscarriage

Habitual miscarriage is a fairly common complication of early pregnancy. In the opinion of most authors, the term habitual miscarriage is used to describe a loss of two or more pregnancies during the first 22 weeks of pregnancy. Issues of terminology and management continue to be relevant and debatable in medical professional communities and need further discussion. In addition to the medical sides of the issue, habitual miscarriage has a significant psychological impact on women and their partners. Regardless of the gestational age, the loss of pregnancy for most couples is similar in importance to the loss of a newborn and is associated with the loss of hope and plans that future parents connected with a baby who has not yet been born. After repeated losses, bereavement and emotional upheaval are further exacerbated irrespective of the term of abortion. Repeated pregnancy loss is a significant negative event in the life of a couple both from a medical and psychological point of view, that’s why the provision of adequate medical care is one of the objectives of a specialist managing pregnancy. This also involves the choice of effective disease management. Previously it was shown that luteal phase deficiency might be the cause of this phenomenon, and that hormonal deficiency had to be replenished. Many modern publications confirm that progesterone and its derivatives have an important immunomodulatory role in the habitual miscarriage. The article describes the role of progesterone in maintaining pregnancy and the results of studies devoted to the role of dydrogesterone. It also presents data of international studies on the treatment of women with habitual miscarriage.

Unexplained Repeated Pregnancy Loss is Associated with Altered Perceptual and Brain Responses to Men’s Body-Odor

ABSTRACTIn the Bruce effect, pregnant mice remember the odor of the fathering male, and miscarry in response to the odor of a male stranger. Humans experience a high rate of unexplained spontaneous miscarriage. Could it be that a portion of these miscarriages reflect a Bruce-like effect? Given ethical constraints on a direct test, we instead probed for circumstantial evidence in women with repeated pregnancy loss (RPL). Consistent with a Bruce-like effect, women with RPL remembered the body-odor of their spouse, but controls could not. Also consistent with a Bruce-like effect, body-odor from a stranger man caused increased activity in the hypothalamus of women experiencing RPL, yet decreased activity in the hypothalamus of women controls. Finally, RPL was associated with reduced olfactory-bulb volume. Although not causal, these observations link RPL with an altered behavioral and brain response to men’s body-odor, implicating the olfactory system in this poorly understood or managed condition.

An Inherited Balanced Translocation Between Chromosomes 4 and 6 in Recurrent Pregnancy Loss: A Case Report

Recurrent pregnancy loss is an important reproductive issue with a heterogeneous etiology where two or more consecutive abortions occur before 20 weeks of gestation. Approximately 15% of all clinically recognized pregnancies result in miscarriage with an incidence of 1 in 300 cases. Couples, who experience repeated pregnancy loss before three months of gestation, mostly have fetuses with chromosomal aneuploids. A non-consanguineous couple with a married life of 4 years was referred to the Institute with a clinical history of three first trimester abortions. Karyotype analysis revealed a balanced autosomal translocation between chromosomes 4 and 6 with 46, XX, t (4;6)(q35; q22) karyotype in the female and normal 46, XY in the male partner. Therefore, the siblings and the couple were suggested for extended genetic counseling. Interestingly, similar translocation was seen in her father and three sisters, whereas her mother and elder sister showed a normal chromosomal constitution, indicating the paternal inheritance.