The Politicization of Evidence-based Policies

The Swedish experience of government committees offers interesting examples of the diversity of efforts to make research relevant for policy-making. The Swedish case is also an illustration of how the research–policy dialogue may suffer from the gap between different research and policy ‘cultures’. These need to be bridged through dialogue and exchange in order to avoid a demise in the relationships between researchers and policy-makers. The aim of this chapter is to draw on the Swedish example with government committees to discuss critically the potential opportunities, benefits, and pitfalls when attempting to bridge the gap between research and policy-making. The chapter will also cast some new light on the claim that the research–policy nexus in liberal democracies is characterized by ‘the simultaneous scientification of politics and the politicization of science’.

Exploring Theory for Citizens’ Preferences in Health Policy

Preferences have been analyzed extensively in health care, but few studies have examined how culture driven preference formation may impact on resource allocation decisions in public and private health service delivery. This paper explores and develops a theoretical framework that distinguishes different approaches to institutionally and culturally informed preferences. The analysis shows that the appropriate approach depends on normative considerations and the particular health policy context which it is applied. In particular health policy cultures, mediating culture driven preferences (such as fatalism, hierarchism, individualism, egalitarianism and autonomy) which have not been used as part of health policy analysis before, challenge the roles of public and private health service providers. In view of the scarcity of studies in this field, the authors suggest a rationale for studies that enhance the understanding of how health policy cultures are embedded in normative health policy and propose a research agenda on cultural biases.