The influence of artificial selection on wing spot sizes, and the relationship between forewing and hindwing spots in the Meadow Brown Butterfly Maniola jurtina (Linnaeus, 1758), ssp. cassiteridum Graves, 1930 ab. anticrassipuncta Leeds, 1950 (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae, Satyrinae)

Four generations of butterflies were reared from two female Maniola jurtina (Linnaeus, 1758) with enlarged apical spots (ab. anticrassipuncta Leeds, 1950) captured on St Mary's, Isles of Scilly, UK in 2013. The aim was to see how far this character could be developed through inbreeding. Previous work by Brakefield & van Noordwijk (1985) has looked at the relationship between forewing and hindwing spotting. The specimens retained from this experiment offered an opportunity to assess the correlation between the forewing spot size, additional forewing spots and hindwing spot size and number. A correlation was found between the area of the forewing spot and the number of additional spots, on both forewings and hindwings. A correlation was also found between the area of the apical spot and the summed area of all hindwing spots. However, when apical spot size was tested against an individual hindwing spot, a correlation in size was found in the male, but this was of far lower value in the female.

De Novo Genome Assembly of the Meadow Brown Butterfly, Maniola jurtina

Meadow brown butterflies (Maniola jurtina) on the Isles of Scilly represent an ideal model in which to dissect the links between genotype, phenotype and long-term patterns of selection in the wild - a largely unfulfilled but fundamental aim of modern biology. To meet this aim, a clear description of genotype is required. Here we present the draft genome sequence of M. jurtina to serve as a founding genetic resource for this species. Seven libraries were constructed using pooled DNA from five wild caught spotted females and sequenced using Illumina, PacBio RSII and MinION technology. A novel hybrid assembly approach was employed to generate a final assembly with an N50 of 214 kb (longest scaffold 2.9 Mb). The sequence assembly described here predicts a gene count of 36,294 and includes variants and gene duplicates from five genotypes. Core BUSCO (Benchmarking Universal Single-Copy Orthologs) gene sets of Arthropoda and Insecta recovered 90.5% and 88.7% complete and single-copy genes respectively. Comparisons with 17 other Lepidopteran species placed 86.5% of the assembled genes in orthogroups. Our results provide the first high-quality draft genome and annotation of the butterfly M. jurtina.

De novo genome assembly of the meadow brown butterfly, Maniola jurtina

BackgroundMeadow brown butterflies (Maniola jurtina) on the Isles of Scilly represent an ideal model in which to dissect the links between genotype, phenotype and long-term patterns of selection in the wild - a largely unfulfilled but fundamental aim of modern biology. To meet this aim, a clear description of genotype is required.FindingsHere we present the draft genome sequence of M. jurtina to serve as an initial genetic resource for this species. Seven libraries were constructed using DNA from multiple wild caught females and sequenced using Illumina, PacBio RSII and MinION technology. A novel hybrid assembly approach was employed to generate a final assembly with an N50 of 214 kb (longest scaffold 2.9 Mb). The genome encodes a total of 36,294 genes. 90.3% and 88.7% of core BUSCO (Benchmarking Universal Single-Copy Orthologs) Arthropoda and Insecta gene sets were recovered as complete single-copies from this assembly. Comparisons with 17 other Lepidopteran species placed 86.5% of the assembled genes in orthogroups.ConclusionsOur results provide the first high-quality draft genome and annotation of the butterfly M. jurtina.

Review of the French species of Coelopisthia Förster (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) with a rearing record of C. pachycera Masi from Maniola jurtina(L.) (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae, Satyrinae)

Data on Coelopisthia pachycera, C. extenta and C. areolata in France are presented including a rearing record for C. pachycera from Maniola jurtina. Elsewhere in Europe C. pachycera has been reared from pupae of M. jurtina and other species of Nymphalidae.

Inventarisasi Kupu-Kupu di Desa Serdang Menang, Kecamatan Sirah Pulau Padang, Kabupaten Ogan Komering Ilir

Desa Serdang Menang merupakan salah satu desa yang ada di Kecamatan Sirah Pulau Padang, Kabupaten Ogan komring Ilir memiliki beragam ekosistem, mulai dari ekosistem sungai, persawahan, perkebunan, dan permukiman yang tentunya juga memiliki keragaman spesies yang ada didalamnya. Keragaman tipe ekosistem juga mempengaruhi keberadaan kupu-kupu. Perlu dilakukan inventarisasi kupu-kupu di Desa Serdang Menang, Kecamatan Sirah Pulau Padang, Kabupaten Ogan komering Ilir untuk mengetahui spesies kupu-kupu apa saja yang ada. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Desa Serdang Menang, Kecamatan Sirah Pulau Padang, Kabupaten Ogan Komering Ilir pada Oktober 2018. Pengambilan sampel kupu-kupu dengan menggunakan metode jelajah. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan menggunakan insecting net. Indentifikai spesies kupu-kupu dilakukan dengan mencocokan sampel dengan foto kupu-kupu yang sudah diidentifikasi jenisnya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat 10 spesies kupu-kupu dari 6 Famili yaitu Carterocephalus palaemon dari Famili Hesperiidae, Euchrysops cnejus dari Famili Lycaenidae, Danaus melanippus, Maniola jurtina, dan Neptis hylas dari Famili Nymphalidae, Papilio lowi dari Famili Papilionidae, Appias libythea, Catopsilia pyranthe, dan Eurema hecabe dari Famili Pieridae, dan Abisara echerius dari Famili Riodinidae. Kupu-kupu yang ditemukan paling banyak terdapat pada perbatasan ekosistem perkebunan dan persawahan.

Nectar resource limitation affects butterfly flight performance and metabolism differently in intensive and extensive agricultural landscapes

Flight is an essential biological ability of many insects, but is energetically costly. Environments under rapid human-induced change are characterized by habitat fragmentation and may impose constraints on the energy income budget of organisms. This may, in turn, affect locomotor performance and willingness to fly. We tested flight performance and metabolic rates in meadow brown butterflies ( Maniola jurtina ) of two contrasted agricultural landscapes: intensively managed, nectar-poor (IL) versus extensively managed, nectar-rich landscapes (EL). Young female adults were submitted to four nectar treatments (i.e. nectar quality and quantity) in outdoor flight cages. IL individuals had better flight capacities in a flight mill and had lower resting metabolic rates (RMR) than EL individuals, except under the severest treatment. Under this treatment, RMR increased in IL individuals, but decreased in EL individuals; flight performance was maintained by IL individuals, but dropped by a factor 2.5 in EL individuals. IL individuals had more canalized (i.e. less plastic) responses relative to the nectar treatments than EL individuals. Our results show significant intraspecific variation in the locomotor and metabolic response of a butterfly to different energy income regimes relative to the landscape of origin. Ecophysiological studies help to improve our mechanistic understanding of the eco-evolutionary impact of anthropogenic environments on rare and widespread species.