Syzygium myrtifolium Walp. flowering stages and its visitor insects

Mudiana D, Ariyanti EE. 2021. Syzygium myrtifolium Walp. flowering stages and its visitor insects. Biodiversitas 22: 3489-3496. “Pucuk merah” or Red lip (Syzygium myrtifolium Walp.) is widely known as an ornamental plant used as garden components. This species belongs to the Myrtaceae family with the scientific name Syzygium myrtifolium Walp. This paper specifically aimed to observe the stages of flowering and visiting insects of S. myrtifolium, while the determination of insects as pollinators was not carried out in this study, and was intended merely to make a species list of visiting insects, without counting the number of individuals and the times of their visits. These are done by examining two individual trees of S. myrtifolium (which have flowered and fruited several times) during its flowering season, recording all visible flower developments and the visitor insects. The visitor insects were observed during flower bloom. The results showed ten stages of flowering process in S. myrtifolium starting from emerging flower buds until fruits riped, which took 105-124 days. Twelve species of insects were recorded visiting flowers of S. myrtifolium during full blooming period, namely Euploea core, Hypolimnas bolina, Telicota colon, Eurema hecabe, Rapala pheretima, Apis cerana, Apis mellifera, Trigona sp., Dysphania sagana, Amata trigonophora, Chrysomya megacephala, Lucilia caesar. They belong to three orders, i.e. Diptera, Hymenoptera and Lepidoptera; and eight families, namely Calliphoridae, Apidae, Hesperiidae, Nymphalidae, Lycaenidae, Geometridae, Erebidae, and Pieridae.

Inventarisasi Kupu-Kupu di Desa Serdang Menang, Kecamatan Sirah Pulau Padang, Kabupaten Ogan Komering Ilir

Desa Serdang Menang merupakan salah satu desa yang ada di Kecamatan Sirah Pulau Padang, Kabupaten Ogan komring Ilir memiliki beragam ekosistem, mulai dari ekosistem sungai, persawahan, perkebunan, dan permukiman yang tentunya juga memiliki keragaman spesies yang ada didalamnya. Keragaman tipe ekosistem juga mempengaruhi keberadaan kupu-kupu. Perlu dilakukan inventarisasi kupu-kupu di Desa Serdang Menang, Kecamatan Sirah Pulau Padang, Kabupaten Ogan komering Ilir untuk mengetahui spesies kupu-kupu apa saja yang ada. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Desa Serdang Menang, Kecamatan Sirah Pulau Padang, Kabupaten Ogan Komering Ilir pada Oktober 2018. Pengambilan sampel kupu-kupu dengan menggunakan metode jelajah. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan menggunakan insecting net. Indentifikai spesies kupu-kupu dilakukan dengan mencocokan sampel dengan foto kupu-kupu yang sudah diidentifikasi jenisnya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat 10 spesies kupu-kupu dari 6 Famili yaitu Carterocephalus palaemon dari Famili Hesperiidae, Euchrysops cnejus dari Famili Lycaenidae, Danaus melanippus, Maniola jurtina, dan Neptis hylas dari Famili Nymphalidae, Papilio lowi dari Famili Papilionidae, Appias libythea, Catopsilia pyranthe, dan Eurema hecabe dari Famili Pieridae, dan Abisara echerius dari Famili Riodinidae. Kupu-kupu yang ditemukan paling banyak terdapat pada perbatasan ekosistem perkebunan dan persawahan.

Butterfly (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera) diversity in relation to habitat utilization at Jagannath Kishore College, Purulia, West Bengal (India)

Documentation of butterfly diversity is necessary for ecosystem management both at the local and the global scales. The varied types of functional role of the butterflies qualify them for conservation and thus sustenance of the ecosystem services. Information about the biodiversity of Purulia district as well as arid regions of Chota Nagpur Plateau is insufficient and this necessitates to investigate about the butterfly diversity of Purulia which will provide subsequent information for ecosystem management. On the basis of this proposition, the present study was carried out in the campus of Jagannath Kishore College, Purulia, West Bengal (India). The species richness, species diversity, seasonal variation and habitat utilisation by the butterflies were studied for a period of one year between February 2016 and January 2017 with photographic documentation. A total of seventy-one butterfly species under five families were encountered, of which, the family Nymphalidae represented highest number of species. The butterfly species richness was lower in summer probably due to the scarcity of water, but during monsoon and post-monsoon seasons water availabitity boost up the vegetation and therefore species richness increased to its maximum. Among the different species, Eurema hecabe was the most abundant species throughout the year followed by Leptosia nina, Danaus chrysippus and Catopsilia pomona. In the study area, thirty-one species of herbs and shrubs were identified as nectaring plants for adult butterflies. Among them, Tridax procumbens, Lantana camara, Alternanthera sessilis and Tagetes sp. were recognized as the preferred nectaring plants based on the number of butterflies visiting them. As an effort for conservation of the butterflies, the information on the plants and the species avaialble in the concerned region may be used further. However, long term monitoring of the concerned region is recommended to understand the changes in the environmental quality as reflected through the variations in the butterfly species assemblages.

KUPU-KUPU DI KAWASAN KONSERVASI IN-SITU PT PEMBANGKIT JAWA BALI UNIT BISNIS JASA O & M PLTU REMBANG

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk membuat baseline keanekaragaman kupu-kupu di kawasan konservasi insitu PT Pembangkit Jawa Bali Unit Bisnis Jasa O & M PLTU Rembang. Data tersebut digunakan dalam penyusunan dokumen PROPER menuju peringkat hijau atau beyond compliance, sesuai dengan Lampiran V Peraturan Menteri Lingkungan Hidup Nomor 3 Tahun 2014. Sampling dilakukan dengan dua kombinasi metode, yaitu penangkapan dan perangkap menggunakan umpan buang sepanjang transek. Terdapat lima titik sampling dengan jarak tiap perangkap ±100 m (Titik I S 06° 38.191’ dan E 111° 28.663’; Titik 2 pada S 06° 38.179’ dan E 111° 28.696’; Titik 3 pada S 06° 38.165’ dan E 111° 28. 728’; Titik 4 pada S 06° 38.083’ dan E 111° 28.655’; serta Titik 5 yang terletak pada koordinat S 06° 37.966’ dan E 111° 28. 616’). Kupu-kupu yang diperoleh terdiri atas empat famili dan lima spesies, yaitu Pteridae (1 spesies), Purple emperos (1 spesies), Lycaenidae (1 spesies) dan Nymphalidae (2 spesies). Spesies tersebut secara berurutan, meliputi Eurema hecabe, Hypolimnas bolina, Zizina otis, Junonia orithya madagascarensis, dan Melanitis leda. Kata kunci: baseline, keanekaragaman, kupu-kupu, PROPER, PT Pembangkit Jawa Bali Unit Bisnis Jasa O & M PLTU Rembang

Wolbachia -induced meiotic drive and feminization is associated with an independent occurrence of selective mitochondrial sweep in a butterfly

Maternally inherited Wolbachia endosymbionts manipulate arthropod reproduction in various ways. In the butterfly Eurema mandarina , a cytoplasmic incompatibility-inducing Wolbachia strain w CI and the associated mtDNA haplotypes are known to originate from the sister species Eurema hecabe , which offered a good case study for microbe-mediated hybrid introgression. Besides w CI, some females with the Z0 karyotype harbour a distinct Wolbachia strain w Fem, which causes all-female production by meiotic drive and feminization. We report that a considerable proportion of E. mandarina females (65.7%) were infected with both w CI and w Fem (CF) on Tanegashima Island. While females singly infected with w CI (C) produced offspring at a 1 : 1 sex ratio, CF females produced only females. Although Z-linked sequence polymorphism showed no signs of divergence between C and CF females, mtDNA split into two discrete clades; one consisted of C females and the other CF females, both of which formed a clade with E. hecabe but not with uninfected E. mandarina . This suggests that CF matrilines also, but independently, experienced a selective sweep after hybrid introgression from E. hecabe . Distinct evolutionary forces were suggested to have caused C and CF matrilines to diverge, which would be irreversible because of the particular phenotype of w Fem.