ESG Scores and Bank Performance During COVID-19

This chapter examines the impact of ESG scores on bank stock returns as a response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The authors use a sample of 73 publicly listed banks from 15 developed European countries. They perform the analysis using two different periods that cover the pandemic: the first major wave period of COVID-19 (February-April 2020) and an extended period (February 2020-April 2021). The findings reveal the negative influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on bank stock returns during the first wave of the pandemic. They further find that, during the first wave, stock returns of banks with higher ESG scores were more resilient to the pandemic. However, when they use the extended time period (from February 2020-April 2021), the influence of both COVID-19 and ESG scores becomes insignificant. The chapter's findings have important policy implications during unprecedented crisis times such as COVID-19.

FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI RETURN SAHAM BANK UMUM KONVENSIONAL LQ-45 DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA

Bank companies manage corpoRate funding, one of which is by investing. Investments are carried out in the hope of obtaining stock Returns. This study examines the effect of Net Interest Margin, Capital Adequacy Ratio, Operating Income, Operational Expenses, and Bank Indonesia Reference Interest Rate on stock Returns in Indonesian banking companies. The sampling technique used was Purposive Sampling method, the sample obtained was 5 companies in the banking sector registered in LQ-45. Linear regression test is used to see the behavior of each variable. Data obtained as many as 200 out of 5 banking sector companies listed on LQ45 on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The scope of research time is in the quarterly period of 2010 to 2019. The results show that the BI Reference Rate, Capital Adequacy Ratio and Operating Expenses, Operational Income, have no significant effect on bank stock Returns. On the other hand, Net Interest Margin has a significant effect on bank stock Returns.

The volatility of bank stock prices and macroeconomic fundamentals in the Pakistani context: an application of GARCH and EGARCH models

Research Background: The banking sector plays a crucial role in the world?s economic development. This research paper evaluates the volatility spillover, symmetric, and asymmetric effects between the macroeconomic fundamentals, i.e., market risks, interest rates, exchange rates, and bank stock returns, for the listed banks of Pakistan. Purpose of the article: The main purpose of this study is to examine the volatility of Pakistani banking stock returns due to the influence of market risk, interest rates, and exchange rates. Pakistan is selected for the study because the volatility of its banking stock returns is strongly influential in achieving sustainable economic development. Methods: By applying the OLS with the Heteroskedasticity and Autocorrelation Consistent (HAC) covariance matrix, the GARCH (1, 2), and the EGARCH (1, 1), analysis is conducted for the period from January 1, 2009 to December 31, 2019 using samples of 13 listed banks. Findings & Value added: The ARCH parameter is significant in the OLS with the HAC covariance matrix estimation, which is a clear indication of the existence of heteroskedasticity in the squared residuals and the inaccuracy of the OLS with the HAC covariance matrix. The results of the OLS with the HAC covariance matrix suggest using the GARCH model family to accurately measure the volatility of bank stock prices. The results of the mean equation in the GARCH (1, 2) and EGARCH (1, 1) indicate the positive significance of market risk and the low significance of interest and exchange rates, confirming that market returns strongly affect the sensitivity of bank stock returns compared to interest and exchange rates. It should be noted that the ARCH (?) and GARCH (?) parameters of the variance equation fulfill the non-negative conditions of the GARCH model. Furthermore, the leverage parameter (?) is found to be positively significant for all banks, and volatility is found to be influenced by positive shocks compared to negative shocks. Conclusively, it can be stated that market returns determine the dynamics of the conditional returns of bank stocks. Nevertheless, the interest and exchange rate volatilities determine the conditional bank stock returns? volatility.