Tendency of Change in Water Quality of the Main Shirvan Collector Over a Long Period

The article examines the tendency of changes in the hydrochemical regime of the water of the Main Shirvan collector over a long period of time and the suitability of the collector water for irrigation. Continuous laboratory analyzes performed between 2004 and 2019 were compared to 1986. According to experimental data, it was determined that the hydrochemical regime of the collector water is gradually improving, and the salt content is decreasing. The degree of mineralization of the collector water decreased by 2.3 times, the total hardness by 2.2 times, the number of chloride ions by 10.5 times, the number of calcium ions by 1.3 times, the number of magnesium ions by 2.8 times, the total number of cations sodium and potassium decreased by 3.9 times. For 2004–2019 biochemical oxygen consumption in collector water increased 7.9 times, chemical oxygen demand increased 7.5 times, and the number of suspended particles increased 9 times. The amount of iron ions in water decreased by 2 times, while the amount of aluminum and zinc did not change. The suitability of collector water for irrigation was determined according to 7 internationally accepted assessment criteria. Collector water is considered suitable for irrigation in accordance with 6 assessment criteria — the degree of salinity, irrigation coefficient, sodium sorption coefficient, potential salinity, water alkalinity index and percentage of sodium, as well as 1 criterion not suitable for irrigation — the percentage of magnesium. Collector water can be used to irrigate crops.

CLINICAL EFFICACY OF ARDHAMATRIKA BASTI IN GRIDHRASI

Gridhrasi, one among the Nanatmaja Vikara, specific Nidana and Samprapti is not explained in classics so that the general Vata Vyadi Nidhana Samprapthi can be considered. The Chikitsa of Gridhrasi includes Sneha, Sweda, Bastikarma and Agni karma. Generally, Basti is the best line of treatment for Vata dosa. References from Acharya Charaka also explain Basti as one of the treatment modalities. With the support of Niruhadikara in Chakradhatta, we have the reference of Ardhamatrika Basti, which is one among Kashaya Basti, here he explains the practical utility along with many added benefits of Bala, Varna, Vrushatha and Pumsavanathva which gifted by Atreya Maharshi. Ardhamatrika Basti, one among Madhutailika Basti (having an equal quantity of Madhu and Taila), can be clinically explored where neither Parihara Kala nor Purva karma like Sneha, Sweda are necessary. The study design selected for the study was a comprehensive clinical trial. The sample size for the present study was 30 patients suffering from Gridrasi as per the selection criteria. Patients were randomly selected irrespective of sex and were treated with Ardhmatrika Basti as a yoga Basti for eight days. Among 30 patients taken for study, marked improvement in the symptomatology of the disease is obtained. 26.7% of patients got complete Shamana, 36.7% achieved Prayika shamana, 30% reported Amsika shamana, and 6.6% had Kinchit shamana. In the assessment criteria taken in patients, Ruja BT - 2.68 after follow up reduced to 1.8, Spandana BT - 2.38 after follow up reduced to 1.73, Sakthana Utksepa-nigraha BT - 2.82 after follow up reduced to 1.58, Gourava BT - 2.5 after follow up reduced to 1.7, Arochaka BT - 2.22 after follow up reduced to 1.87. This result shows that the present study of Ardhamatrika Basti has given a marked improvement in treating Gridhrasi.

Spatial and temporal analysis of the risks posed by metal contamination in coastal and marine sediments of Bahrain

Nine metals including Al, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn were analysed from sediment samples collected from 29 stations since 2007 from Bahraini waters. Within this study, it was investigated whether concentrations of these determinants are at concentrations above internationally established Assessment Criteria (AC). The majority of sites were considered not to pose a toxicological risk in terms of metal contamination. Where breaches occurred, they were mainly from historic samples related to Cr, Cu and Ni contamination. A trend assessment revealed that out of 59 significant trends, 36 were downwards and 23 upwards, indicating that some determinants like Al, Zn and Ni are improving strongly across some sites, whilst areas associated with industrial activity still see some increasing trends for Al, Cd, Pb and Zn.

The assessment of teamwork competencies for students focuses on dimensionality and mixed-method assessment

The challenges of assessing teamwork competency, which internal structures can be multidimensional and complex. It is necessary to assess of the teamwork competency as unidimensional or multidimensional structures and perform assessments in a variety of ways to ensure accuracy and accuracy from the assessment. The research objectives were to assess the dimension of students’ teamwork competencies and to assess students’ teamwork competencies using mixed methods assessment. Participants were 385 students in advanced professional innovation scholarship undergoing empowerment process for dimensional and quantitative assessment, 10 experts panel for setting cut-off score of assessment criteria, and 40 students for qualitative assessment. Research instrumentations were teamwork competency self-assessment digital form, the setting questionnaire of the cut-off score of assessment criteria for expert judgment, and an interview form for qualitative assessment. Data were analysed by mean, standard deviation, Eigen value, one-way multivariate analysis of variance (one-way MANOVA), thematic analysis. Research results found that: The teamwork competencies were appropriate for multi-dimension assessment, the ratio between the Eigen value of factor 1 toward the Eigen value of factor 2 was equal to 1.078. Quantitative assessment of teamwork competencies, Building a team relationship (BTR) at high to a very high level, participation in a team exchange (PTE) at a high level, adapting and creating a team atmosphere (ACT) at a very high level, and supporting a team (STE) high to a very high level. In addition, the main effect (region) on BTR and STE, the results showed that there were statistically significant region differences with small to moderate effect size, but on PTE and ACT, the results showed that there were no statistically significant region differences. Qualitative assessment of students’ perspective reflects the reasons for the teamwork competencies found that significant of building a team relationship comprised nineteen-theme (Priority three: Make a success of the team, good working friendship, and it's easy to build harmony and grouping with friends) and significant of supporting a team comprised six-theme Priority three: Reduce conflicts, Strengthen teamwork, and Make it work better). The quantitative assessment of teamwork competencies reflects to appropriate for multi-dimension assessment, and the qualitative assessments also support the explanation of teamwork competencies with multidimensional characteristics of students.

Pyeloplasty effectiveness in cases of ureteropelvic junction obstruction in children: methodology and assessment parameters

The article presents the analysis of published data (Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed/MedLine, The Cochrane Library, and eLIBRARY databases) devoted to the study of existing criteria for assessment of pyeloplasty effectiveness. Published sources most often refer to the dynamics of reduction of the renal collecting system (RCS) and postoperative renal functional status as the assessment criteria. However, there are no consistent values, which could be employed as assessment criteria indicating success as soon as they are registered. The tools used to estimate RCS reduction are not standardized in terms of research techniques, projection of RCS dilatation measurement, and the locations between which renal and pelvic anatomic structures are measured. A variety of approaches to measuring the anteroposterior renal pelvis dimension in children with hydronephrosis tends to blur the analysis of actual pyeloplasty results. This review of published sources demonstrates the lack of agreement as regards the criteria for assessment of pyeloplasty effectiveness. There is a pressing need for appropriate steps to harmonize ultrasonography methods, to standardize the anatomic landmarks for measurement, and to define the criteria to be used to assess the effectiveness of pyeloplasty.

A local smart city approach in the context of smart environment and urban resilience

Purpose Although smart city studies have increased recently, smart city discussions are made based on general concepts not specific to the region. The region-specific local smart city strategy in the built environment is key to climate resilience in the built environment in the face of natural disasters. The purpose of this paper is to focus on the smart environment, which expresses the spatial dimension of smart cities. This research defines a region-specific smart city model and revealing the role of this model in the resilience against disasters of the built environment. Design/methodology/approach The analytical hierarchy process (AHP) method was conducted in four steps. In Step 1, the authors suggested new smart environmental assessment criteria with climatic and geographical data within the scope of the collective mind of the region. In Step 2, they determined the expert group to evaluate within the scope of the AHP method and then compared the significance levels of the current and suggested smart environmental assessment criteria by the AHP method. Findings From the results, it turned out that smart urbanization processes, which are trying to relate to local characteristics, are of great importance in terms of ensuring urban resilience. The results also highlight that the existing smart environmental assessment criteria in the literature are insufficient to ensure the climatic resilience of the built environment in the face of natural disasters. Research limitations/implications The study is in an intermediary section, which has a gap in the literature due to its subject. Although it has focused on an acute problem and a current research problem, the lack of literature on the field has been a limitation. Determining the cities where the field studies would be conducted has been a major limitation. For an objective hypothesis test within the scope of the AHP method, the sample group should consist of experts working in smart city projects in cities that are in the top 3 in five different smart city rankings, where field studies are conducted. Within this limited cluster, creating a large sample group was an important limitation. Originality/value This research looks into the existing gaps of the relation between climate resilience of the built environment and the local smart city approach. This examination will foster a holistic approach in the practice of sustainable smart city in the built environment, thus reinforcing urban resilience and climate studies in the context of smart cities.