scholarly journals Tendency of Change in Water Quality of the Main Shirvan Collector Over a Long Period

2022 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-70
Author(s):  
F. Allakhverdiyeva
Keyword(s):  
Salt Content ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Chloride Ions ◽  
Assessment Criteria ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Hydrochemical Regime ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Salinity Water ◽  
Sodium And Potassium

The article examines the tendency of changes in the hydrochemical regime of the water of the Main Shirvan collector over a long period of time and the suitability of the collector water for irrigation. Continuous laboratory analyzes performed between 2004 and 2019 were compared to 1986. According to experimental data, it was determined that the hydrochemical regime of the collector water is gradually improving, and the salt content is decreasing. The degree of mineralization of the collector water decreased by 2.3 times, the total hardness by 2.2 times, the number of chloride ions by 10.5 times, the number of calcium ions by 1.3 times, the number of magnesium ions by 2.8 times, the total number of cations sodium and potassium decreased by 3.9 times. For 2004–2019 biochemical oxygen consumption in collector water increased 7.9 times, chemical oxygen demand increased 7.5 times, and the number of suspended particles increased 9 times. The amount of iron ions in water decreased by 2 times, while the amount of aluminum and zinc did not change. The suitability of collector water for irrigation was determined according to 7 internationally accepted assessment criteria. Collector water is considered suitable for irrigation in accordance with 6 assessment criteria — the degree of salinity, irrigation coefficient, sodium sorption coefficient, potential salinity, water alkalinity index and percentage of sodium, as well as 1 criterion not suitable for irrigation — the percentage of magnesium. Collector water can be used to irrigate crops.

Hydro-geochemical properties with respect to landuse in the southernmost river of Kerala

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Badusha M. ◽  
Santhosh S
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Drainage Basin ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Hydrogen Ion Concentration ◽  
Geochemical Properties ◽  
Quality Of Water

The hydro geochemical features of Neyyar River for a period of one year from May 2015 to April 2016 were analyzed. Six sampling sites were fixed considering physiography and present landuse pattern of the river basin. The residents in the drainage basin are primarily responsible for framing a better landuse and thereby maintain a good water and sediment regime. Geospatial pattern of the present landuse of the study area indicated that the sustainability of this river ecosystem is in danger due to unscientific landuse practices, which is reflected in the river quality as well. The parameters such as hydrogen ion concentration, electrical conductivity, chloride, Biological Oxygen Demand, total hardness and sulphate of river water and Organic Carbon of river bed sediments were analyzed in this study. The overall analysis shows that the highland areas are characterized by better quality of water together with low organic carbon, which is mainly due to better landuse and minimal reclamation. The midland and lowland areas are characterized by poor quality of water with high organic carbon, which is due to high anthropogenic activities and maximum pollutants associated with the region together with the alteration in landuse from a traditional eco-friendly pattern to a severely polluted current pattern.

Analyzing of water quality at Ooty for drinking purpose

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 091-099
Author(s):  
Gandhimathi A ◽  
Naresh K
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Summer Season ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Sample Water ◽  
Very High ◽  
Drinking Purpose

Analyzing of water quality at Ooty town and to provide clean and safe water. The water quality is analyzed and tabulated in this paper. So we are able to know the quality of water available in the sample taken. The water analyzed about the chemical, physical and biological characteristics of water. It is used to measure the appearance of sample water for the need of living. Water samples are collected from the open well (Latitude and longitude coordinates are 11.410000, 76.699997). The samples were tested for parameters like pH, turbidity, total hardness, fluoride, dissolved oxygen, ammonia nitrogen, chemical oxygen demand, acidity, and alkalinity. The values which are obtained from each parameter were compared with the Indian Standards: 10500 (Drinking water specifications). During the summer season the water demand is very high hence from the result the water was found to be safe for drinking.

scholarly journals Ground Water Quality of Gandhinagar Taluka, Gujarat, India

2008 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 435-446 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mayur C. Shah ◽  
Prateek G. Shilpkar ◽  
Pradip B. Acharya
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Total Alkalinity ◽  
World Health ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Drinking And Irrigation ◽  
Quality Of Water

Present communication deals with study of physico-chemical parameters such as pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), total alkalinity (TA), calcium hardness (CaH), magnesium hardness (MgH), total hardness (TH), chloride (Cl-), fluoride (F-), sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), dissolved oxygen (DO), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD) and sulphate (SO42-) of water samples of bore wells of forty villages of Gandhinagar taluka of Gujarat state,India. The experimental values of water samples were compared with standard values given by World Health Organization (WHO) and United State Salinity Laboratory for drinking and irrigation purposes respectively. Water Quality Index (WQI) was also calculated to know the over all quality of water samples. The statistical analysis like mean, standard deviation (SD), coefficient of variance (% CV), analysis of variance (ANOVA),t-test, coefficient of correlation (r) and regression analysis of obtained data were carried out. The results show that the quality of water is poor and quite good for drinking and irrigation purposes respectively. The variance was found significant at 1% level of significance in case of sodium and potassium content and at 5% in case of total alkalinity and dissolved oxygen among the four regions (North, South, East and West) of Gandhinagar taluka. The linear relation also established for each pair of water quality parameters of studied water samples.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF HUMAN ACTIVITIES AND OIL POLLUTION ON THE MICROBIOLOGICAL AND PHYSICOCHEMICAL QUALITY OF UDU RIVER, WARRI, NIGERIA

2006 ◽  
Vol 28 (62) ◽  
Author(s):  
H. S. A. Aluyi ◽  
F. O. Ekhaise ◽  
D. M. Adelusi ◽  
F. E. Oviasogie
Keyword(s):  
Human Activities ◽  
Oil Pollution ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Physiochemical Parameters ◽  
Fungal Isolates ◽  
Dilution Effects

The effect of human activities and oil pollution on the microbiological quality of Udu River was investigated from September 2002 to January 2003. The microbiological parameters were carried out using the standard microbiological techniques. The bacterial and fungal loads were shown to be highest in the inhabited stations (2 and 3) with downstream (station 4) suffering from dilution effects of human activities and upstream (station 1) showing lower counts. Stations 2 and 3 were shown to record the highest heterotrophic microbial load 10.7 x 108 cfuml-1 and 10.4 x 108 cfuml-1 and 8.0 x 108 cfuml-1 and 9.0 x 108 cfuml-1 for bacterial and fungal isolates respectively. Total coliform counts ranges from 1.5 – 4.3 x 106 and 1.4 – 2.8 x 106 MPN100ml-1 for stations 2 and 3. Microorganism isolated and characterized includes nine bacterial and four fungal genera. The bacterial isolates were Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Proteus, Escherichia, Clostridium, Acetobacter, Salmonella, Pseudomonas, Micrococcus, and the predominant fungal isolates includes, Aspergillus, Penicillium, Geotrichum and Helminthosporium. The concentrations of total suspended solids, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), conductivity, total iron, total solids, total copper and total dissolved solids were shown to be higher in stations 2 and 3 than station 1 which have no direct human activities. Similarly, the values obtained for salinity, total hardness and dissolved oxygen (DO) of the inhabited stations were shown to be lower than station 1. Correlation coefficient shows positive relationship between the different microbial populations and some physiochemical parameters studied.

scholarly journals Comparative Studies of Water and Sediment Qualities of Some Dams in Kwara State

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
N Abdus-Salam
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Anthropogenic Pollution ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
World Health ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Who Guidelines ◽  
Water And Sediment

Potable water is becoming progressively scarce due to anthropogenic pollution and it has necessitated monitoring of water quality of rivers and dams as a subject of ongoing concern and research. This study was conducted to assess the quality of water collected from four different dams (Agba, Igbaja, Oloru and Omu-Aran) in Kwara State, Nigeria using standard procedures. Water and sediment samples were collected from three different spatial locations on the dams. The average values of most physicochemical parameters like pH, temperature, Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Total Dissolved Solid (TDS), Total Hardness (TH), Alkalinity, some nutrients such as chloride (Cl-), sulphate (SO42-), phosphate (PO43-), nitrate (NO3-) and some heavy metals such as Cu, Zn have values that were within World Health Organisation (WHO) guidelines for drinking water for each of the dams while Cd and Fe concentrations were observed to be much higher than WHO guidelines for drinking water. This could be as a result of anthropogenic input. The dams’ sediments analyzed for heavy metals showed that Mn, Zn and Cd were high in the dams, which can be easily washed into the water body through leaching, thereby causing detrimental effect to the consumers.

scholarly journals Effects of human activities on water quality assessment of Ala River in Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-44
Author(s):  
Samuel Dare Fagbayide ◽  
Francis Olawale Abulude
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
World Health ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Domestic Water ◽  
Ondo State

The purpose of the study was to assess the water quality parameters of Ala River found in Akure, Ondo State, Southwest, Nigeria. The river is considered one of the most important irrigation and drinking water resources in Akure, Nigeria. Three locations were chosen spatially along the watercourse to reflect a consideration of all possible human activities that are capable of affecting the quality of the river water. The water samples were collected monthly for three consecutive months (February to April 2015) at the three sampling sites. The water samples collected were analyzed for physicochemical parameters which include pH, total dissolved solids, dissolved oxygen, biochemical oxygen demand, total hardness, phosphate,  temperature,  calcium, magnesium, chlorine, nitrate, iron and zinc using standard methods and their environmental effects on the river were investigated. There were variations in the quality of the sampled water when compared with the World Health Organization (WHO) standards for domestic and commercial water for the selected parameters. The traces of some hazardous physical and chemical impurities in the river were above the acceptable limits, and thereby pose a health risk to several rural communities who rely heavily on the river primarily as their source of domestic water. Therefore, the law should be enforced to discourage unnecessary waste dumping and discharging of another form of pollutants into surface water in Nigeria.

INVESTIGATING THE QUALITY OF WATER STORED IN PLASTIC TANKS IN UMARU MUSA YAR’ADUA UNIVERSITY KATSINA, KATSINA STATE, NIGERIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 116-125
Author(s):  
MUDASSIR HASSAN ◽  
A. Hussaini ◽  
A. Musa ◽  
M. Muhammad
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Total Suspended Solid ◽  
Suspended Solid ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Physico Chemical

Water is one of the most important natural resources which play an essential role in human life. Most of the Nigerian institutions stored water in either plastic or overhead tanks for different purposes. However, there has been a growing concern over the safety of the stored water for human consumption following reported cases of microbial occurrence in water stored in tanks. This study aimed at investigating the water quality stored in plastic tanks in Umaru Musa Yar’adua University Katsina. Water samples were collected from plastic tanks and analyzed for some physico-chemical and heavy metals parameters. The result of physico-chemical parameters obtained shows that only dissolved oxygen, biological oxygen demand and chemical oxygen demand were observed above the maximum permissible limit for drinking recommended by WHO and NSDWQ with the mean value of 55.18 mg/l, 38.86 mg/l and 38.08 mg/l respectively. While the remaining parameters such as pH, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, turbidity, total suspended solid, alkalinity, sulphate, nitrate, phosphate, chloride and total hardness were found within the acceptable limit. However, analyzed result of heavy metals parameters revealed that all parameters were observed within desirable limit by WHO and NSDWQ for drinking water and suggested that the quality of water stored in plastic tanks was very good. It is concluded that, the quality of water stored in plastic tanks is suitable for human consumption. It is therefore recommended that, continuous monitoring of the water should be maintain so as to ascertain the safety of the water

scholarly journals BACTERIOLOGICAL AND PHYSICOCHEMICAL QUALITY OF SOME WATER BOREHOLES IN EKOSODIN, BENIN CITY, NIGERIA

2006 ◽  
Vol 28 (64) ◽  
Author(s):  
Solomon Henry Agbon Aluyi ◽  
Frederick Osaro Ekhaise ◽  
Basil Nevo
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Total Alkalinity ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Probability Limit ◽  
Temperature Conductivity ◽  
Physicochemical Quality

The Bacteriological and physicochemical quality of five (5) boreholes (Ikoyi’s lodge, Newton’s Villa, Iyobosa Hostel, Embassy Hostel and Amega Villa) in Ekosodin village were investigated fortnightly, from March 2004 – July 2004. The bacteriological analysis showed low counts of total heterotrophic and potential human pathogenic bacteria that ranged from 1.0 x 101 cfu/mI – 3.1 x 101 cfu/mI, and 0.0 – 1.9 x 101 cfu/mI respectively. Total coliform counts with MPN values ranged from 0.00MPN/100mI – 9MPN/100mI. E coli occurred occasionally in stations 2, 3 and 5 with a range of 0.00MPN/100mI – 4MPN/100mI. Streptococcus faecalis was observed only in station 3, Clostridium perfringens was not detected in any of the sampled stations. Other organisms isolated and characterized during the study included Staphylococcus aureus and Proteus sp. Some of the physicochemical parameters studied included water temperature, conductivity, pH, total suspended solids, and total dissolved solids. All had low mean concentrations that ranged from 27.0ºC – 28.0ºC; 9.2 – 13.6 us/cm, 6.4 – 6.7; 0.06 – 0.08mg/l and 0.15 – 0.20mg/l respectively. The biological oxygen demand (BOD), dissolved oxygen (DO), total alkalinity and total hardness in mg/l were all low and ranged from 0.08mg/l – 0.2mg/l; 0.7mg/l – 1.0mg/l; 5.0mg/l – 6.0mg/l and 0.10mg/l – 0.13mg/l respectively. Other parameters with low concentration were nitrate (0.05 – 0.11mg/l), sulphate, (0.07mg/l – 0.13mg/l) and phosphate (0.0mg/l – 0.10mg/l). All the physicochemical parameters considered did not indicate any possible physicochemical pollution as they all fell within the (9) maximum permissible level for portable water. There were both positive and negative correlations between some of the bacteriological and physicochemical properties at a significant level of 95% probability limit. Based on the bacteriological and physicochemical parameters studied, boreholes 1 and 4 are fit for direct consumption, while bore holes 2, 3 and 5 failed to meet the bacteriological standard for portable water.

scholarly journals Assessment of Water Quality Status of Chandrabhaga River at Rishikesh, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 163-175
Author(s):  
Shail Kulshrestha
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
River Water ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
The Status ◽  
River Ganga ◽  
Magnesium Adsorption Ratio ◽  
Total Dissolved Solid

In the background of the ambitious ‘National Mission for Clean Ganga’ to clean, conserve and protect the River Ganga in a comprehensive manner, this study was undertaken to evaluate the status of Water Quality of Chandrabhaga river at Rishikesh, district Dehradun, India, between the Dhalwala bridge area and Mayakund area where it merges with the river Ganga, affecting adversely its water quality. The characteristics of Chandrabhaga river water were assessed during July to September 2017 by monitoring the water quality at most garbeged and contaminated five locations by determining physicochemical and biological parameters and metal ions. The observed values of dissolved oxygen (DO) varied from 0.4 to 1.29 mg/L, such a low DO, high biological oxygen demand (BOD, 21 ± 2.64 to 56 ±6.08 mg/L) and much high Coliform (1760 ±13.23 to3180 ±27.61 MPN/ 100 ml) at all the locations reflects the poor water quality of Chandrabhaga River. Recorded values of total dissolved solid (TDS), electrical conductivity (EC), total hardness (TH), alkalinity, phosphate, sodium, potassium and calcium exceeded the WHO standards. Pearson’s correlation analysis revealed the highly positive correlations all the time between EC and TDS, TH and TDS, TH and EC, while during high flow period good correlations were recorded between alkalinity and pH, TDS, EC and TH. Irrigation water quality parameters such as soluble sodium percentage (SSP), sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), magnesium adsorption ratio (MAR) and Kelly’s Ratio was evaluated to test the suitability of river water for irrigation purpose.

scholarly journals Physicochemical Quality of Water from Chuho Springs, Kisoro District, Uganda

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 12-26
Author(s):  
Gerald Nkurunziza ◽  
◽  
Timothy Omara ◽  
Caroline Kiwanuka Nakiguli ◽  
Paul Mukasa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Total Alkalinity ◽  
World Health ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Calcium Magnesium

In the current study, water from Chuho springs used as the main water source in Kisoro municipality, Uganda were assessed for their suitability as drinking water. The temperature, turbidity, conductivity, total dissolved solids, dissolved oxygen, biological oxygen demand, total hardness, total alkalinity, calcium, magnesium, phosphates, iron, copper, arsenic, chlorides and the fluoride content of the water samples were determined. Not all the parameters met World Health Organizations’ guidelines for drinking water. Temperature, dissolved oxygen and fluorides were outside the recommended limits of 15 ℃, 10-12 mg/L and 1.5 mg/L, respectively. Further studies should assess the microbiological and sanitary profile of the springs.

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