A Review Article on the Relation between Anxiety and Depression

Anxiety depression is the commonest phenomena in preponderant population. Many individuals might have experience it and still not know, very often in a state of constant denial and negligence with the fact knowingly. The causes can vary from psychological, physiological and traumatic past experiences. This article incorporate studies of anxietydepression and their relationship and causes. Anxiety depression are the most common psychological disorder. Their relationship is very baffling, their symptoms overlaps with each other. There are many causes for it physiological, psychological, behavioural, insomnia, or due to past trauma. Physical exercise reduces the symptoms of mild anxiety and depression.

Common Psychological Disorder among Patients with Retroviral Disease

Major depressive disorder (MDD) and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) increases further morbidity and mortality of patients with retroviral disease (RVD). This study aimed to determine the prevalence and the contributing factors of MDD and GAD. The symptoms were screened using the Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale (HADS), MDD and GAD was diagnosed with the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI). 27(12.9%) patients had MDD and 28(13.0%) had GAD. The contributing factors include illicit drug use in the past, social support system, and CD4 count. Interventions for RVD patients should include counselling for those abusing drugs, increasing support system and adherence to treatment. Keywords: Retroviral Disease, Anxiety, Depression, Support system eISSN 2514-7528 © 2021 The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA CE-Bs by E-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open-access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer-review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians / Africans / Arabians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/jabs.v6i18.380

Depression and its Association with Vitamin D Deficiency: A Review

Depression is a common psychological disorder and a major health issue. Many socioeconomic, environmental and genetic factors contribute to the onset and progression of depression. In recent years, the deficiency of vitamin D has emerged as a possible predisposing factor responsible for the manifestation of depression. In this review article, the causes of depression are briefly reviewed with a special focus on the association between vitamin D and depression. In recent years, the association between vitamin D and depression has been extensively investigated; still, the mechanism that governs this association is not fully understood. An understanding of the underlying biological processes and mechanisms through which vitamin D exerts its role will help in understanding the predisposition towards depression and the amelioration of depressive symptoms.

Depression and its Association with Vitamin D Deficiency: A Review

Depression is a common psychological disorder and a major health issue. Many socioeconomic, environmental and genetic factors contribute to the onset and progression of depression. In recent years, the deficiency of vitamin D has emerged as a possible predisposing factor responsible for the manifestation of depression. In this review article, the causes of depression are briefly reviewed with a special focus on the association between vitamin D and depression. In recent years, the association between vitamin D and depression has been extensively investigated; still, the mechanism that governs this association is not fully understood. An understanding of the underlying biological processes and mechanisms through which vitamin D exerts its role will help in understanding the predisposition towards depression and the amelioration of depressive symptoms.