Attacks by Termites (Blattoptera: Insecta) in cassava crops (Manioth esculenta Crantz.) in Daloa (Center-West, Côte d’Ivoire)

A study was carried out on the attack of termites in three cassava plots located in the zone of Daloa (town in the center-west of the Côte d’Ivoire). The main objective of this study was to ensure a sustainable productivity of cassava in the Daloa region by controlling termite’s pests of cassava crops according to the phenological stage, namely: the plot of cassava at the small stalk stage, the plot at the tuber production stage and the plot at the harvest stage. To this end, systematic excavations were carried out in the sections along the transects and plant-by-plant sampling in order to inventory the different species of termites on the plots and to highlight the damage they cause. This made it possible to identify 4 species of termites: Odontotermes sp., Macrotermes bellicosus, Pseudacanthotermes militaris and Nasutitermes latifrons, of which 1 species is common to all three environments. The comparative analysis of the different study environments showed that the plots at the production stage and at the harvest stage are the most colonized by termites. Odontotermes sp. observed only in plots at the small stage, as well as Nasutitermes latifrons which are only present on the plot at the production stage. Pseudacanthotermes militaris are best represented on all three plots.

The paradox of the peasantry in management and organization studies

Purpose Burrell (2020) challenged management and organization studies (MOS) scholars to pay attention to a topic they have mostly ignored: the peasantry, those 2 billion people that work in the rural primary sector. This paper aims to address the topic to expand Burrell’s challenge by indicating that the peasantry offers a unique context to study a paradoxical condition: the coexistence of persistent poverty and vanguardist innovation. Design/methodology/approach The authors advance conceptual arguments that complement the reasons why researchers should pay more attention to the peasantry. They argue that continuation of past research into field laborers, transitioning from feudalism to industrial capitalism, still has currency, not just because of the good reasons listed by Burrell (enduring relevance of the phenomenon in developing countries; sustainability concerns; acknowledgment of common heritage) but also because some seemingly archaic practices are evident in the economically developed countries where most management and organizations scholars live. Findings The authors show that in advanced economies, the peasantry has not disappeared, and it is manifested in contradictory forms, as positive force contributing to sustainable productivity (in the case of digitized agriculture) and as a negative legacy of social inequality and exploitation (as a form of modern slavery). Originality/value The authors discuss contrasting themes confronting management of the peasantry, namely, modern slavery and digital farming, and propose that a paradox view may help overcome unnecessary dualisms, which may promote social exclusion rather than integrated development.

Fish disease study of Asian seabass (Lates calcarifer) in a floating marine cage: Endoparasite and blood profile

Hidayati D, Nurindra AR, Abdulgani N, Setiawan E, Maulidina N, Syahroni N, Mulyadi Y. 2021. Fish disease study of Asian seabass (Lates calcarifer) in a floating marine cage: Endoparasite and blood profile. Biodiversitas 22: 4505-4511. The Indonesian government has multiple targets and priority programs to increase aquaculture productivity in 2021. Hence, the development of mariculture commodities such as Asian seabass (Lates calcarifer) in one of the potential coastal areas, Sendang Biru, is strategic. However, sustainable productivity needs good management, including the health monitoring of fish. This study aimed to determine the condition of seabass under mariculture in a floating cage in Sendang Biru, Malang, Indonesia. Thirty seabass (Lates calcarifer) from 0 to 60 days after stocking age (ASE) were taken from a Sendang Biru floating cage. Blood and intestine samples were taken five times from day 0 to day 60 ASE. Blood samples were carried out through the caudal vein and observed using a hemocytometer. Endoparasite analysis was performed by fish intestine examination from the anterior intestine to the posterior rectum. Pseudoterranova and Diphyllobothrium were found with 10% and 3.33% prevalence, respectively. The intensity of Pseudoterranova was one individual/fish, and that of Diphyllobothrium was 2.33 individuals/fish. The highest mean of total erythrocyte count (TEC) found in 0 day ASE was at the level of 0.82±0.55×106 cells/mm3, and the lowest was found in 60 days ASE (0.51±0.24×106 cells/mm3). The highest mean of total leucocyte count (TLC) was 9.20±3.69x104 cells/mm3, at day 0, and leukocyte levels tended to decrease until day 60 ASE (7.74±3.43×104 cells/mm3). Overall, despite the TEC and TLC tending to decrease from 0 to 60 days ASE, in statistically indicated no significant differences in TLC at different ASEs (p > 0.05). The hematological profile indicated the health statuses of the cultured Asian seabass in the current study were in a condition of anemic and infected.

Comparison of the Structure and Diversity of Root-Associated and Soil Microbial Communities Between Acacia Plantations and Native Tropical Mountain Forests

Deforestation of native tropical forests has occurred extensively over several decades. The plantation of fast-growing trees, such as Acacia spp., is expanding rapidly in tropical regions, which can contribute to conserve the remaining native tropical forests. To better understand belowground biogeochemical cycles and the sustainable productivity of acacia plantations, we assessed the effects of vegetation (acacia plantations vs. native forests) and soil types (Oxisols vs. Ultisols) on soil properties, including the diversity and community structures of bacteria- and fungi-colonizing surface and subsurface roots and soil in the Central Highlands of Vietnam. The results in surface soil showed that pH was significantly higher in acacia than in native for Oxisols but not for Ultisols, while exchangeable Al was significantly lower in acacia than in native for Ultisols but not for Oxisols. Bacterial alpha diversity (especially within phylum Chloroflexi) was higher in acacia than in native only for Oxisols but not for Ultisols, which was the same statistical result as soil pH but not exchangeable Al. These results suggest that soil pH, but not exchangeable Al, can be the critical factor to determine bacterial diversity. Acacia tree roots supported greater proportions of copiotrophic bacteria, which may support lower contents of soil inorganic N, compared with native tree roots for both Oxisols and Ultisols. Acacia tree roots also supported greater proportions of plant pathogenic Mycoleptodiscus sp. but appeared to reduce the abundances and diversity of beneficial ECM fungi compared with native tree roots regardless of soil types. Such changes in fungal community structures may threaten the sustainable productivity of acacia plantations in the future.

Analysis of Entrepreneurial Leadership Skills and Sustainable Employee Productivity of MSMEs

The Philippine economy's backbone has been referred to as micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) and is also the subject of intense attention from many government institutions and corporate bodies. MSMEs are rightly seen as drivers of economic change and development. A leader, on the other hand, is someone who assumes a leadership position which, by setting a good example and being effective in what he does, inspires a team of followers by winning their confidence and respect. He actively empowers and directs them. This paper intends to examine the correlation between the characteristics of MSME owners or entrepreneurs regarded as leaders and employee productivity that may affect success. Data is collected through a survey from fifty (50) MSMEs of Bulacan, who were chosen by the purposive sampling method. Descriptive statistics and non-parametric tests (Mann-Whitney U test and the Kruskal-Wallis test) were conducted to examine sustainable productivity by demographic profile and leadership skills manifested by MSME owners. The results thereof indicate that leadership skills possessed by MSME entrepreneurs revealed a significant correlation when compared with employee productivity variables.

A Reviuw: Sustainable Livestock Development in Indonesia

The population of Indonesia in 2021 is about 273 million people. The increasing population is followed by an increase in food needs, including animal food. The area of land as a base of food production does not increase, even tends to decrease due to conversion, abrasion, and submerged seawater as a result of global warming and climate change, as well as the declining quality of natural resources. Animal protein consumption in Indonesia is very low and is expected to increase sharply as the income of the population continues to increase. Anticipating this, it is necessary to prepare a medium- and long-term farm development strategy in a sustainable manner by utilizing the availability of local resources. Exploring the genetic resources of livestock that are efficient in the use of feed, should also be able to utilize feed materials in the form of crop byproducts and agricultural industries. This policy should be supported by technological innovation and sustainable productivity and livestock production. Can save natural resources while reducing greenhouse gas emissions in order to realize the concept of green economy.

A Reviuw: Sustainable Livestock Development in Indonesia

The population of Indonesia in 2021 is about 273 million people. The increasing population is followed by an increase in food needs, including animal food. The area of land as a base of food production does not increase, even tends to decrease due to conversion, abrasion, and submerged seawater as a result of global warming and climate change, as well as the declining quality of natural resources. Animal protein consumption in Indonesia is very low and is expected to increase sharply as the income of the population continues to increase. Anticipating this, it is necessary to prepare a medium- and long-term farm development strategy in a sustainable manner by utilizing the availability of local resources. Exploring the genetic resources of livestock that are efficient in the use of feed, should also be able to utilize feed materials in the form of crop byproducts and agricultural industries. This policy should be supported by technological innovation and sustainable productivity and livestock production. Can save natural resources while reducing greenhouse gas emissions in order to realize the concept of green economy.