Gender in Literature: Crossing the Lines of Individuals in a Philippine Fiction

Under Gender Criticism, the researchers analysed Carlos Bulosan’s My Father Goes to Court to unveil the biases, stereotypes, issues, and tendencies as regard gender through the roles played by the characters in the story. Results show that on the surface, the male characters portrayed their roles based on what the society and culture accorded or dictated to them as authoritative, powerful, and dominant. Similarly, female characters were projected as powerless, weak, affective, and secondary to men. However, consciously or unconsciously, both characters crossed the borders and the lines of each other by performing roles not expected of them. On the one hand, male characters growled down to others, laughed their hearts out, and were protected. Then, on the other hand, female characters exercised power, showed leadership, manifested decision-making skills, and served as protectors. The researchers further revealed that gender is not a role to be played but an activity to be complete to avoid setting limits to any person’s tendencies. A study using the same literary text is recommended to continue its afterlife.

Analysis Community Competence Development in Improving Live through Small and Medium Enterprise Investment in the Pandemic Era in East Timor

Community competence development in improving life through investing in small and medium enterprises is one of the beneficial alternatives for groups and individuals for the welfare of the superior local community's wellbeing. The purpose of this study is to determine the basic provisions of the small and medium business investment group in the local area, related to hard and soft competence, which are used as criteria for giving, receiving, and solving problems. The method used in this study used a thematic descriptive qualitative analysis approach; the sampling method was taken by six people representing 28 people, including the core structure for semi-structured interviews. The technique used is a non-probability sample by exploring sources of information using purposive sampling and snowball sampling. From the results, it was found that the educational background was sufficient and still had shortcomings in hard and soft competencies, including creativity and technical skills. So, there are several suggestions, namely (1) to take additional training on creativity and technical skills to increase in-depth understanding, (2) for other studies that are interested in deepening research in that location. In terms of investment development, it can compete in national and international markets. These results also provide input for the investment group to learn hard and soft competencies and specifically creative abilities and technical skills to find learning resources that ensure development is related to investment in the digital era.

Marketing: Farmers Promulgates Cash Crops, Itinerary to Support Their Livelihood and Enhance Their Living Standard

This paper is a briefing on the marketing and emergence of cash crops in the Indo-Bangladesh border, South West Khasi Hills District Meghalaya. It is solely aimed at understanding the inborn entrepreneurship skills of the particular sub-tribe of the Khasis called "War". They live in steep and sloppy mountains with moderate temperatures and receive sufficient precipitation throughout the year, which enables them to sustain their farming. Marketing is the heart core of every individual, regardless of any background and professionals. Marketing plays a very important role to the farmers, and everyone could enhance their standard of living due to the technique of commercialization. The Non-farmers can buy the food crops from the farmers through the role of business administration. It is pointless to have money without having a food supply. Thus, the commercialization of agricultural produce is highly required. Cash crops cultivation promotes economic growth and social growth; economically, people can generate income, put savings, and purchase physical capital. Socially they bridged with each other, helping one another, exchanging work, advising the younger ones, and imparting knowledge to one another, providing seeds and saplings to the have not. There is an evolution from practicing traditional crops, which can be consumed directly, to Cash crops, which need to be exported outside of the State through a marketing system with the intention to manufacture further for finished products.

Batik SMEs In East Java Indonesia: Interrelationship Between Personal Value and Management Skills Towards SMEs Performance in The New Normal Era

The development of Batik SMEs in East Java shows a sector that is highly affected by the pandemic due to the unpreparedness of SMEs to face the pandemic conditions. The need for encouragement from the government and strengthening this sector so that it can develop again and make a positive contribution to the regional and national economy. Managerial aspects and personal values owned by Batik SMEs in East Java are expected to be a reinforcing factor for SMEs in facing a very dynamic environment. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between personal values and management skills on the performance of Batik SMEs during the new normal era in East Java, Indonesia. The data used were obtained through a survey using a questionnaire, which was then analyzed by factor analysis, descriptive statistics, Pearson product-moment correlation, and multiple regression. The results of the study stated that there was no relationship between personal values and performance, and there was no relationship between management skills and the performance of Batik SMEs in East Java, Indonesia. This research does not include external factors of the research variables, namely government policies that can be measured by inflation rates and tax policies, as well as Bank Indonesia credit interest rates. This study uses the variable management skills, personal values, and performance of Batik SMEs in East Java during the normal era, which are products with local cultural features.

Practical Leadership: Learning from Great Rulers in History

This paper examines the applied principles and leadership styles of great ancient men in the light of the Bible as the Word of God. Practically speaking, scholarly literature in leadership and management lacked attention to the study of biblical figures as leaders. The author utilised secondary analysis of qualitative information from documented life stories of renowned leaders in human history. This paper utilizes qualitative content analysis to evaluate patterns of popular ancient leaders' styles in leading their subjects. With content analysis, the author is obliged to read and re-read the text, specifically the Bible, as the main source of data and focus on the specific timeline of the ancient world. The scope and limitation of this paper cover only the discussion on the prominent historical people, specifically Biblical characters, and does not include the current leaders of our time. This paper hopes to bring back the basics on leading people worth emulating by modern-day leaders. It explores the successes and failures of these ancient leaders that shaped history and even world cultures. It also aims to promote a blueprint that was already utilised by leaders in the ancient world regarding leading constituents and subjects. The scope and limitation of this study enfold the discussion on the prominent historical people and does not include the current leaders of our modern time.

Analysis of Entrepreneurial Leadership Skills and Sustainable Employee Productivity of MSMEs

The Philippine economy's backbone has been referred to as micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) and is also the subject of intense attention from many government institutions and corporate bodies. MSMEs are rightly seen as drivers of economic change and development. A leader, on the other hand, is someone who assumes a leadership position which, by setting a good example and being effective in what he does, inspires a team of followers by winning their confidence and respect. He actively empowers and directs them. This paper intends to examine the correlation between the characteristics of MSME owners or entrepreneurs regarded as leaders and employee productivity that may affect success. Data is collected through a survey from fifty (50) MSMEs of Bulacan, who were chosen by the purposive sampling method. Descriptive statistics and non-parametric tests (Mann-Whitney U test and the Kruskal-Wallis test) were conducted to examine sustainable productivity by demographic profile and leadership skills manifested by MSME owners. The results thereof indicate that leadership skills possessed by MSME entrepreneurs revealed a significant correlation when compared with employee productivity variables.

Social Entrepreneurship Model Based on Quadruple Helix Collaboration: Economic Empowerment in Disabilities Community

Social entrepreneurship is a process of continuous innovation in classifying different social problems to overcome social problems and meet social needs. The social entrepreneurship approach is very promising in creating new opportunities for individuals with disabilities in the emerging industry. The conceptual contribution to developing a theory that explains the relationship between constructions has been less underlined. Thus, this study aims to identify different models and how they work and propose a conceptual model of social entrepreneurship to empower the economy in disability communities. This study uses descriptive analysis by conducting various literature syntheses to understand the contribution of entrepreneurship in social development. Based on discussion and analysis, new model propositions consider the value of co-creation stakeholders and supporting ecosystems such as academics, government, profit, and non-profit organizations and communities (quadruple helix concept). Overall, this study provides a conceptual framework that enables an understanding of the phenomenon of social entrepreneurship growth and its role in empowering community disabilities. Also, this research also tries to facilitate the stakeholders involved to contribute to the empowerment of community disabilities.

The Role of Engagement on the Relationship Between Motivation and Future Volunteering Intention: The Case of the 30th Southeast Asian Games

Volunteering in major sporting events has become a trend, for sports volunteers are considered one of the most valuable human resources to the event. This study intended to establish a structural model that describes the role of engagement on the relationship between motivation and future volunteering intention in a sporting event. It aimed to provide implications for organizers and volunteer coordinators to effectively retain experienced volunteers and motivate them to engage in future events. The participants of the study were the 168 sport event volunteers at the 30th SEA Games – Clark Cluster. The data were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling to test the causal relationships of the variables. The study found that skill enrichment, privileges of volunteering, and social enrichment positively influenced volunteer engagement, while community contribution, skill enrichment, positive life experiences, and volunteer engagement positively influenced intention to volunteer in the future. The study concluded that volunteer engagement has no mediating role between motivation and future volunteering intention. Sport event organizers must manage volunteers by satisfying their personal and social needs toward volunteering and providing moral support through proper work design, efficient training, and an inclusive working environment to keep them engaged and committed in sustaining their volunteering act.

How Far the Digital Marketing Innovation done by Natural Raw Material MSMEs during the Pandemic? Case of Magelang Region, Central Java Region, Indonesia

There are various steps taken by Natural Raw Materials MSMEs in Magelang Region in facing the economic downturn during the pandemic for their business continuity. The effort to adapt to the difficulties during the pandemic period is by utilizing information technology to encourage the economy to continue growing and developing. The use of social media and e-commerce is an example of marketing adaptation from a traditional form to a more modern model. Participation in virtual exhibitions is also another example of how MSMEs adopt digital transformation. The study aims to determine how far the natural raw material MSMEs actors can utilize the digital marketing during the pandemic and prepare for the adaptation in the new normal period. This study uses a qualitative descriptive approach involving 30 MSMEs. The result shows that MSMEs who are transitioning away from traditional marketing techniques and attempting to be innovative in response to environmental changes have a chance to sustain themselves. Marketing via e-commerce, social media, and virtual product introduction can help to increase markets and enhance the economy. Those that are not prepared for the adaption process, on the other hand, will choose to operate other businesses or even close them.

Gender Involvement in Contemporary Economic Activities of Manide Tribe in Jose Panganiban, Camarines Norte, Philippines: Basis for Capacity Development Program

This descriptive quantitative research study was conducted to determine the gender involvement in the Manide Tribe's contemporary economic activities and formulate a capacity development program for Mamanide people to acquire knowledge and uplift their economic condition. Findings reveal that the 53 Mamanide respondents, obtained by complete enumeration, are involved in contemporary economic activities like the external labor market for males and the sale of agricultural products for females. The majority of females are involved in saving and storing compared to males. Both respondents are interested in buying basic needs and producing crops and farm products. Their very high level of gender involvement has been accounted for in the external labor market, spending, and production; however, in saving and storing, the male has no involvement while the female has a high level of involvement. As to the contributing factors, the social, economic, environmental, and political factors have a very high contribution to the changes in their economic systems. The study identified areas that need to be addressed through the formulation and implementation of the Capacity Development Program.