Cued Naming and the left inferior frontal cortex

Clinical studies have shown that naming can be behaviorally facilitated by priming, e.g., phonemic cues reduce anomia. Rehabilitation of language is argued to rely upon the same processes of priming in healthy speakers. Here we show, in healthy older adults, the immediate facilitatory behavioral and neural priming elicited by phonemic cues presented during an fMRI experiment of overt naming; thus, bridging the gap between lesion and neuroimaging studies. Four types of auditory cues were presented concurrently with an object picture (e.g., cat): (i) word (i.e., the target name (/kat/), (ii) initial phoneme segment (e.g., /ka/), (iii) final phoneme segment (/at/), or (iv) acoustic (noise) control cue. Naming was significantly faster with word, initial and final phonemic cues compared to noise; and word and initial cues compared to final cues, with no difference between word and initial cues. A neural priming effect – a significant decrease in neural activity – was observed in the left inferior frontal cortex (LIFC, pars triangularis, BA45) and the anterior insula bilaterally consistent with theories of primed articulatory encoding and post-lexical selection. The reverse contrast revealed increased activation in left posterior dorsal supramarginal gyrus for word cues that, we argue, may reflect integration of semantic and phonology processing during word rather than phonemic conditions. Taken together, these data from unimpaired speakers identified nodes within the naming network affected by phonemic cues. Activity within these regions may act as a possible biomarker to index anomic individuals’ responsiveness to phonemically cued anomia treatment.

Region-Based Segmentation and Object Detection

Object identification and multi-object picture separation are two firmly related processes and it can be enhanced when understood jointly by supporting data from one assignment to the next. Be that as it may, current best in object models are different portrayal for each space creation joint objects and leaving the categorization of numerous part of the scene uncertain. Picture element appearance highlights enable us to do well on classifying formless foundation classes, while the express portrayal of districts encourage the calculation of increasingly complex highlights essential for object detection. Vitally, our model gives a solitary bound together portrayal of the scene we clarify each picture elements of image and authorize it contains in the web between every random variable in our model.

Improvements on Grasping the Object with Irregular Shapes

The image processing technique has been rapidly developed during the last years due to the improvement of computer science and applied algorithms. The paper aims to analyse the method for designing the active surfaces of the gripper suitable for the object with irregular shapes. Concerning these particularities, we have taken the object picture in order to process it. By using the appropriate algorithms, the results were transferred in the three dimensional modelling software, so that the fingers were designed according to the object shapes. Finally, they have been manufactured using the 3D printer and the technical performances were analysed.

The Influence of Misarticulations on Children's Word Identification and Processing

Purpose The purpose of the present studies was to determine how children's identification and processing of misarticulated words was influenced by substitution commonness. Method Sixty-one typically developing preschoolers across 3 experiments heard accurate productions of words (e.g., “leaf”), words containing common substitutions (e.g., “weaf”), and words containing uncommon substitutions (e.g., “yeaf”). On each trial, preschoolers chose between a real object picture (e.g., a leaf) and a nonobject (e.g., an anomalous line drawing). Accuracy and processing were measured using MouseTracker and eye tracking. Results Overall, children chose real objects significantly more when presented with accurate productions (e.g., “leaf”) than misarticulated productions (e.g., “weaf” or “yeaf”). Within misarticulation conditions, children chose real objects significantly more when hearing common misarticulations (e.g., “weaf”) than uncommon misarticulations (e.g., “yeaf”). Preschoolers identified words significantly faster and with greater certainty in accurate conditions than misarticulated conditions. Conclusions The results of the present studies indicate that the commonness of substitutions influences children's identification of misarticulated words. Children hear common substitutions more frequently and therefore were supported in their identification of these words as real objects. The presence of substitutions, however, slowed reaction time when compared with accurate productions. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.5965510

Associative Recognition Processes Are Modulated by Modality Relations

Although memory of episodic associations is generally considered to be recollective in nature, it has been suggested that when stimuli are experienced as a unit, familiarity-related processes might contribute to their subsequent associative recognition. Furthermore, intradomain associations are believed to be unitized more readily than interdomain associations. To assess these claims, we tested associative recognition following two types of pair associate learning. In the unimodal task, stimulus pairs were pictures of common objects, whereas in the cross-modal task, stimulus pairs consisted of an object picture and an unrelated environmental sound. At test, participants discriminated intact from recombined pairs while ERPs were recorded. In the unimodal task only, associative recognition was accompanied by a robust frontal deflection reminiscent of a component commonly interpreted as related to familiarity processes. In contrast, ERP correlates of associative recognition observed at more posterior sites, akin to a component that has been related to recollection, were apparent in both tasks. These findings indicate that retrieval of unimodal associations can be supported by familiarity-related processes that are dissociable from recollective processes required for the retrieval of cross-modal associations.