Effect of Angiotensin-I Converting Enzyme Gene Insertion/Deletion Polymorphism on genome instability in children living in Russian Arctic

Main risks of arterial hypertension manifest in childhood. Children living in the Far North are especially susceptible to this. There is a need for an inexpensive, non-invasive and simple diagnosis of the risk of childhood pathologies. It was previously found that the genotype DD of the in/del polymorphic marker of the ACE gene is found in people at risk of developing cardiovascular pathologies. Buccal micronucleus cytome assay and genetic analysis were used in the work. In total, 77 schoolchildren from the city of Apatity, aged 15-17 years old, were examined. We have shown that carriers of the D allele have a tendency to an increase in the frequency of cells with micronuclei. In the case of homozygous I/I variant, the frequency of occurrence of cells with karyopycnosis is significantly higher than in carriers of allele D. Polymorphic marker in/del of the ACE gene is associated with apoptotic changes in the cells of the studied children. The in/del polymorphic marker of the ACE gene can be used as a prognostic marker of the processes of genome destabilization at the early stages of development of the human body.

Repair of DNA Breaks by Break-Induced Replication

Double-strand DNA breaks (DSBs) are the most lethal type of DNA damage, making DSB repair critical for cell survival. However, some DSB repair pathways are mutagenic and promote genome rearrangements, leading to genome destabilization. One such pathway is break-induced replication (BIR), which repairs primarily one-ended DSBs, similar to those formed by collapsed replication forks or telomere erosion. BIR is initiated by the invasion of a broken DNA end into a homologous template, synthesizes new DNA within the context of a migrating bubble, and is associated with conservative inheritance of new genetic material. This mode of synthesis is responsible for a high level of genetic instability associated with BIR. Eukaryotic BIR was initially investigated in yeast, but now it is also actively studied in mammalian systems. Additionally, a significant breakthrough has been made regarding the role of microhomology-mediated BIR in the formation of complex genomic rearrangements that underly various human pathologies. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Biochemistry, Volume 90 is June 2021. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

Impact of electromagnetic uhf radiation on genome destabilization in bone marrow cell of rat strains with contrast nervous system excitability

Сhromosomal machinery of highly excited animals with low threshold of the nervous system excitability (LT strain) is more susceptible to the damaging effect of high frequency EMR compared against the animals with high threshold of the nervous system excitability (HT strain). High nervous system excitability determines greater decrease in chromosome aberrations level in the presence of additional reflecting elements Aires Defender Pro resonators under UHF-waves of standard Wi-Fi router. It is shown that the genotype of animals and the functional state of their nervous system affect susceptibility to the UHF EMR and the action of resonators.