Minimum Entropy Production Effect on a Quantum Scale

The discovery of quantized electric conductance by the group of van Wees in 1988 was a major breakthrough in physics. A decade later, the group of Schwab has proven the existence of quantized thermal conductance. Advancing from these and many other aspects of the quantized conductances in other phenomena of nature, the concept of quantized entropy current can be established and it eases the description of a transferred quantized energy package. This might yield a universal transport behavior of the microscopic world. During the transfer of a single energy quantum, hν, between two neighboring domains, the minimum entropy increment is calculated. It is pointed out that the possible existence of the minimal entropy transfer can be formulated. Moreover, as a new result, it is proved that this minimal entropy transfer principle is equivalent to the Lagrangian description of thermodynamics.

Integrating Plus Energy Buildings and Districts with the EU Energy Community Framework: Regulatory Opportunities, Barriers and Technological Solutions

The aim of this paper is to assess opportunities the Clean Energy Package provides for Plus Energy Buildings (PEBs) and Plus Energy Districts (PEDs) regarding their economic optimization and market integration, possibly leading to new use cases and revenue streams. At the same time, insights into regulatory limitations at the national level in transposing the set of EU Clean Energy Package provisions are shown. The paper illustrates that the concepts of PEBs and PEDs are in principle compatible with the EU energy community concepts, as they relate to technical characteristics while energy communities provide a legal and regulatory framework for the organization and governance of a community, at the same time providing new regulatory space for specific activities and market integration. To realize new use cases, innovative ICT approaches are needed for a range of actors actively involved in creating and operating energy communities as presented in the paper. The paper discusses a range of different options to realize PEBs and PEDs as energy communities based on the H2020 EXCESS project. It concludes, however, that currently the transposition of the Clean Energy Package by the EU Member States is incomplete and limiting and as a consequence, in the short term, the full potential of PEBs and PEDs cannot be exploited.

Wärmepumpenzuwachs in Österreich bis 2030 und dessen Auswirkung auf Lastprofile – Evaluieren von Sensitivitäten am Beispiel eines Testmodells für europäische Lastdeckungsanalysen

ZusammenfassungDer Übertragungsnetzbetreiber spielt eine wesentliche Rolle bei der Aufrechterhaltung der Versorgungssicherheit. Zum einen hat er für den sicheren Netz- und Systembetrieb zu sorgen, zum anderen wird ihm zunehmend – insbesondere durch das Clean Energy Package – die Verantwortung zur Beurteilung der künftigen Lastdeckungsmöglichkeiten übertragen. Im operativen Betrieb ist geschultes Personal für den Erhalt der Netzsicherheit im Echtzeitbetrieb notwendig, im Planungsbereich befassen sich immer mehr Expert:innen mit der Prognose sowie Analyse der zukünftigen Energiesysteme. Hierfür werden zwei Entwicklungspfade unterschieden: Netzanalysen, welche sich mit dem Netzausbau der nächsten Jahrzehnte (Ten-Year Network Development Plan) beschäftigen, sowie Lastdeckungsanalysen (Resource Adequacy Assessments), um den zukünftigen Kraftwerkspark und die prognostizierte Last in jedem Land gegenüberzustellen. Für beide Prozesse ist eine stabile Datenbasis des zukünftigen Kraftwerksparks auf der einen Seite sowie der Lastentwicklung auf der anderen Seite essenziell. Die Entwicklungen zusätzlicher Lastkomponenten (z. B. Elektromobilität, Wärmepumpen, Datencenter, Batterien) spielen hierbei eine bedeutende Rolle. Die Zunahme dieser Lastkomponenten im österreichischen Stromnetz und die Auswirkungen auf dessen Lastdeckungssituation wird aktuell von der Austrian Power Grid AG (APG) gemeinsam mit Forschungspartnern untersucht. Im Folgenden wird ein Überblick über die Bestandsentwicklung von Wärmepumpen in Österreich bis 2030 gegeben. Zusätzlich werden drei errechnete Entwicklungsszenarien vorgestellt und deren potenzielle Auswirkungen auf die Lastdeckungssituation in einem vereinfachten trilateralen Modell simuliert.

The Physical Properties of ThCr2Si2- Type Co-based Compound SrCo2Si2: An ab-initio Study

In this article, we have studied the mechanical, electronic, and optical features of ThCr2Si2- type compound SrCo2Si2. The investigation has been done by using the first-principles method depend on the density functional theory (DFT) and the calculations were completed with the Cambridge Serial Total Energy Package (CASTEP) code. The optimized lattice parameters are well in accord with the existing synthesized values. The investigated elastic constants for this compound are positive which ensured the mechanical stability of this phase. The calculated values of Pugh’s ratio and Poisson’s ratio ensure the brittle character of SrCo2Si2. The universal anisotropic constant AU ensures the anisotropic behavior of SrCo2Si2.The softness nature of SrCo2Si2 is confirmed by the bulk modulus calculations. The overlapping of the valence band and conduction band near the Fermi level indicates the metallic nature of SrCo2Si2. At the Fermi level, the major contribution comes from Co-3d and Si-3p states. The large reflectivity in the high-energy region indicates that this compound might be useful as coating materials for reducing solar heating. The photoconductivity and absorption begins with zero photon energy which also ensures the metallic nature of SrCo2Si2.

Demand-Response Optimization in Buildings and Energy Communities, a Case in Value Stacking

In this paper, the application of demand-side flexibility to residential users and energy communities is discussed. From the H2020 project HOLISDER, it appears that selected Key Exploitable Results are not commercially interesting on their own as flexibility services but certainly are an add-on by cross-value stacking to regular energy services. For groups of prosumers, such as energy communities, cross-stacking can enlarge the awareness and commitment within the communities and, therefore, play an important role in the uptake of citizen communities as promoted by the EU Green Energy Package.