Research and Practice of Data Structure Curriculum Reform Based on Outcome-Based Education and Chaoxing Platform

In view of the problem of the data structure course being difficult to learn and teach, this paper analyses the characteristics and pain points of the course. We implement the concept of 'student-centered' education, combine outcome-based education and heuristic teaching, take students' learning effect as guidance and construct the curriculum according to the requirement of the industry. Combining students' autonomous learning, teachers' blackboard writing and on-site programming, we practice the educational concept of students as the main body and teachers as the auxiliary part. Finally, we highlight the significance and prospects of the results of this research and conclude that the research results are effective.

Meta-analysis of retrojugular versus antejugular approach for carotid endarterectomy

Introduction The retrojugular approach for carotid endarterectomy (CEA) has been reported to have the advantages of shorter operative time and ease of dissection, especially in high carotid lesions. Controversial opinion exists with regard to its safety and benefits over the conventional antejugular approach. Methods A systematic review of electronic information sources was conducted to identify studies comparing outcomes of CEA performed with the retrojugular and antejugular approach. Synthesis of summary statistics was undertaken and fixed or random effects models were applied to combine outcome data. Findings A total of 6 studies reporting on a total of 740 CEAs (retrojugular approach: 333 patients; antejugular approach: 407 patients) entered our meta-analysis models. The retrojugular approach was found to be associated with a higher incidence of laryngeal nerve damage (odds ratio [OR]: 3.21, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.46–7.07). No significant differences in the incidence of hypoglossal or accessory nerve damage were identified between the retrojugular and antejugular approach groups (OR: 1.09 and 11.51, 95% CI: 0.31–3.80 and 0.59–225.43). Cranial nerve damage persisting during the follow-up period was similar between the groups (OR: 2.96, 95% CI: 0.79–11.13). Perioperative stroke and mortality rates did not differ in patients treated with the retrojugular or antejugular approach (OR: 1.26 and 1.28, 95% CI: 0.31–5.21 and 0.25–6.50). Conclusions Currently, there is no conclusive evidence to favour one approach over the other. Proof from a well designed randomised trial would help determine the role and benefits of the retrojugular approach in CEA.

Systematic Reviews in Dental Research. A Guideline

Background: A systematic review aims to combine outcome data from published studies in a population. It is based on a number of steps and although there are numerous advantages in systematic review studies, dentists have been finding difficulties in performing them. Objective: Taking into account the misconceptions and difficulties in conducting this kind of study, this article aims to guide readers for understanding, performing, and interpreting comprehensive systematic reviews in dental research.

Disease progression in multiple sclerosis: combining physicians’ and patients’ perspectives?

Background: To assess disease progression in multiple sclerosis (MS) several outcome measures are available. The interrelation of changes on different scales has not been studied extensively and the concept of combining scales has only recently been introduced in MS. Objective: To explore combining different clinical outcome measures in the evaluation of disease progression in MS. Methods: In 553 patients we studied the presence of relevant changes according to standard definitions on the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS), Nine-Hole Peg Test (9HPT), Timed 25-Foot Walk (T25FW) and the Multiple Sclerosis Impact Scale (MSIS-29). We examined ‘exclusive worsening’ (worsening on one measure while not worsening on any other measure) and ‘opposing changes’ (worsening on one measure while improving on another measure). Finally, we investigated the impact of combining assessments. Results: Based on the EDSS alone, 140 patients progressed. However, almost twice as many (275) showed worsening on any of the clinical outcome measures. Exclusive worsening was observed in 37 patients on the EDSS, 13 on the 9HPT, 39 on the T25FW and 44 on the MSIS physical. Of all worsened patients 76 (28%) showed opposing changes, a phenomenon predominantly observed when combining physician-based and patient-derived outcome measures. Conclusion: When assessing disease progression in MS, sensitivity to change can be increased by combining different outcome measures. The added value is especially present when combining measures from different perspectives. However, further research is needed to evaluate the optimal way to combine outcome measures before implementing this strategy in clinical studies.