Еxperience of maidenhair tree cultivation (Ginkgo biloba L.) in the dendrological park “Berezynka” of Mukachevo state forestry

An inventory of the only in Ukraine ginkgo biloba stand, created by planting forest crops in the arboretum «Berezynka». The distribution of tree trunks by thickness and statistical characteristics by diameter are given, the degree of defoliation and sanitary condition of ginkgo biloba stand are determined. The obtained results can be used to model the forest mesuration structure and merchantable volume structure of future ginkgo biloba stands during its plantation cultivation. The results of the study indicate the high resistance of the species to environmental factors in the region, which makes it possible to recommend this relict species for implementation in forestry practice.

Authentication of Ginkgo biloba herbal dietary supplements using DNA barcoding

Ginkgo biloba L. (known as ginkgo or maidenhair tree) is a phylogenetically isolated, charismatic, gymnosperm tree. Herbal dietary supplements, prepared from G. biloba leaves, are consumed to boost cognitive capacity via improved blood perfusion and mitochondrial function. A novel DNA mini-barcode assay was designed and validated for the authentication of G. biloba in herbal dietary supplements (n = 22; sensitivity = 1.00, 95% CI = 0.59–1.00; specificity = 1.00, 95% CI = 0.64–1.00). This assay was further used to estimate the frequency of mislabeled ginkgo herbal dietary supplements on the market in the United States of America: DNA amenable to PCR could not be extracted from three (7.5%) of the 40 supplements sampled, 31 of 37 (83.8%) assayable supplements contained identifiable G. biloba DNA, and six supplements (16.2%) contained fillers without any detectable G. biloba DNA. It is hoped that this assay will be used by supplement manufacturers to ensure that their supplements contain G. biloba.

Maidenhair tree (Ginkgo Bilobae) leaf extraction products in the light of Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS) requirements and medium of diversified polarity (εM)

Summary Model maidenhair tree (Ginkgo bilobae) leaf extracts were created basing on medium of diversified polarity (εM). Chromatographic analysis was performed with the HPLC method, with the so-called dry residue remaining after evaporating the dissolving agent from saturated aqueous solutions and from 0.1 mol HCl. Viscosity measure and surface activity estimations were conducted on phase boundary. Then, basic values of viscosity ([η], Mη) and hydrodynamic values (Ro, Robs., Ω) were calculated. Moreover, reference quercetin and rutin (rutoside) were used to mark the conversion contents of flavonoids in produced extracts with the UV method.