No One Is Leaving This Time: Appraisal of Awareness and Knowledge of Port Health Officers on International Health Regulation IHR (2005)

Background: Historically, ships have played an important role in transmitting infectious diseases around the world. The spread of cholera pandemics in the 19th century was thought to be linked to trade routes and facilitated by merchant shipping. The international maritime traffic of people and goods has often contributed to the spread of pathogens affecting public health. Objectives: To assess level of awareness and knowledge of international Health regulation (IHR 2005) content among port health officer Methods: The study design was descriptive cross-sectional evaluation, questionnaires were used to capture the respondents knowledge, awareness and sanitary condition of ship in accordance with (IHR 2005) Results: On awareness and knowledge, Majority of the respondent (77.1%) demonstrate good awareness of the IHR (2005), while 22.9% had not and some even testified of hearing the said document for the first time. Despite the fact that majority of respondent were aware but only 24.6% of them can actually demonstrate good knowledge of IHR (2005) and its intent to protect and prevent spread of disease along the international route. Conclusion: There is need to improve the knowledge of port health officers by expand training and guidance on application of the IHRs to frontline officer at point of entries. Also ensure more thorough inspection and avoid influence of ship agent during inspection of ship.

Analysis of recreational needs of visitors to the Arey Nature Park

The article presents the results of a sociological survey of visitors to the Arey Nature Park. Based on the questionnaire conducted in July 2020, the paper demonstrates an analysis of recreational needs and a sociological portrait of a visitor to the Arey Nature Park. The article analyses suggestions of vacationers and contains recommendations based on the identified needs and problems mentioned by the visitors in the organization of operation of the protected area. Almost all park visitors note a strong appeal to the natural scenery of the territory. The sanitary condition of the territory and the limited range of services available are highlighted as significant shortcomings in the operation of the park administration.

Evolution of the biochemical and microbiological characteristics of mountainous Kefalotyri cheese during ripening and storage

As artisanal cheeses are gaining recognition during the last years by consumers, efforts should be made to standardize their manufacture in order to produce safe products of high and constant quality, supporting the local economy and spreading them outside the region of origin. In this work, the biochemical and microbiological characteristics of Kefalotyri cheese produced during summer in the mountains of Pindos using an artisanal cheesemaking procedure were studied. Sheep raw cheese milk was used without starter culture addition for Kefalotyri cheese manufacture. At 90 days of ripening and storage (the date that hard cheese can be sold in the market), its moisture was 40.4%, fat 28.8%, salt 4.1% and proteins 23.3%. Butyric acid and 3methyl butanoic acid were the most abundant volatile compounds found in this cheese. Mesophilic lactic acid bacteria and cocci were dominated; high numbers of thermophilic lactic acid bacteria and cocci, enterococci and Enterobacteriaceae were also present and the microbiological data revealed a rather satisfactory hygienic sanitary condition of the cheeses.

Еxperience of maidenhair tree cultivation (Ginkgo biloba L.) in the dendrological park “Berezynka” of Mukachevo state forestry

An inventory of the only in Ukraine ginkgo biloba stand, created by planting forest crops in the arboretum «Berezynka». The distribution of tree trunks by thickness and statistical characteristics by diameter are given, the degree of defoliation and sanitary condition of ginkgo biloba stand are determined. The obtained results can be used to model the forest mesuration structure and merchantable volume structure of future ginkgo biloba stands during its plantation cultivation. The results of the study indicate the high resistance of the species to environmental factors in the region, which makes it possible to recommend this relict species for implementation in forestry practice.

State and prospects of age-old trees in the dendroflora collection of the Botanical Garden of UNFU

Aim. The aim of the article is the following: to analyze the historical materials on the creation of the Botanical Garden arboretum; to investigate the age structure of the dendroflora collection; to study the taxonomic composition, biometric indicators, the sanitary condition of the age-old trees, and their significance in cultural phytocoenoses. Materials and Methods. The study is based on the materials of inventory of woody and shrub plants of the arboretum and literary sources related to the analysis of the quantitative and qualitative composition of the dendroflora collection. Results. Arboretum of the Botanical Garden of Ukrainian National Forestry University is one of the oldest dendrological collections in Lviv. The collection includes 28 age-old trees. Their age exceeds 100 years, biometric indicators are significant, and sanitary state, both for a specified age and taking into account urbogenic growth conditions, is good or satisfactory. Some age-old trees (black walnut, katsura-tree, American witch-hazel) are the oldest species in the West of Ukraine and have the largest biometric indicators. Conclusions. The arboretum of the Botanical Garden of UNFU is a unique heritage of garden and park art of the XIX century. The historical composition of the dendroflora is partially preserved. Among the age-old trees, there are both autochtonic and introduced species. Trees are in a good sanitary state. They are an integral part of the formed phytocoenosis. As an object of observation, they can be used for further research of potential ecological and biological capabilities of species in an urbogenic environment.

CHANGES IN THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF WOOD PECEA OBOVATA LEDEB. UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF IPS TYPOGRAPHUS L.

The process of forest destruction is very dynamic and covers the entire boreal zone of the Northern hemisphere. Against the background of deterioration of the sanitary condition of plantings, pathogenic organisms become more active. The article presents materials on the study of the chemical composition of wood of individuals of various life conditions of Siberian spruce (Pícea obovata Ledeb.) in the conditions of distribution of bark beetle (Ips typographus L.). Plants of various life States were studied for the content of water-soluble and resin-like extractives, tannins, lignin, and polysaccharides. The obtained data were subjected to statistical processing. Under the influence of the bark beetle-typographer, no significant differences were found between individuals of different life States in the polymer structural components of spruce wood (lignin and polysaccharides). In the course of the study, it was noted that during the colonization of bark beetles in plants, the content of extractive substances increases. With deterioration, the proportion of phenolic compounds begins to increase from 25.8% in plants of good condition to 37.5% in plants of unsatisfactory condition, with a decrease in the proportion of resinous substances. An increase in phenolic compounds is associated with an increase in tannins. The highest content of all groups of metabolites (including tannins) was observed in individuals of a satisfactory life state and is 7.15% of the a.s.s.

ASSESSMENT OF THE STATE OF PLANTINGS OF SECONDARY SCHOOL No. 19 CITIES OF YOSHKAR-OLA

The purpose of the study is to analyze the sanitary condition of tree and shrub vegetation on the territory of school No. 19 in the city of Yoshkar-Ola. This work is relevant, since the school is a place for long-term stay of children of school and preschool age and the natural environment is an integral part of their educational activities. To determine the assessment of the state of the stand, the coefficients of the state of plants are calculated: the states of individual trees are determined by the external signs of a 5-point scale. Next, the coefficients of the state of the tree species are calculated according to the corresponding formula. The coefficients of the state of the stand as a whole are also found as the arithmetic mean of the coefficients of the state of individual tree spe-cies. As a result, an assessment of the state of the stand according to this gradation was deter-mined. Woody plants growing on the territory of secondary school No. 19 in Yoshkar-Ola were examined. A total of 35 species of coniferous and deciduous plants have been identified. Most species are characterized by a weakened state. Plants of hawthorn-blood-red, poplar × 'Soviet Py-ramidal', prickly plum and mountain ash are the most weakened. The condition of the plantings as a whole is assessed as weakened. It is recommended to carry out agrotechnical measures for plants and cleaning of dead specimens.

LANDSCAPE-ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF THE PARK TERRITORY OF CULTURAL HOUSE 50-YEARS OF OCTOBER, VORONEZH

The results of the landscape-ecological assessment of the park territory of cultural house 50-years of October in Voronezh are presented. This work allows you to determine the state of the object for its further use. This facility is located in the South-West district of the city and is used for recreation of the local population. The indicators of landscape-ecological assessment were determined: type of landscape, type of spatial structure, sanitary-hygienic assessment, aesthetic assessment, stage of digression. The results of the research showed that the site is in a relatively good sanitary condition, the indicator of aesthetic assessment is at a fairly high level. We also studied the plant species, which grow on the object and their condition. The assortment available in the park is represented by the list of woody plants: Robinia pseudoacacia, Betula pendula, Ulmus pumila, Acer platanoides, Tilia cordata, Populus alba, Populus pyramidalis, Sorbus aucuparia.All woody plants in the park is in good and satisfactory condition. Based on the results of the assessment of the territory, it is possible to outline design measures that will improve the sanitary, hygienic and aesthetic conditions at the facility. There is a need to design small forms of architecture (benches, urns), organize additional planting of trees, pick up flowering shrubs and create flower beds to enhance the attractiveness of the object.

Sanitary parasitological and sanitary–bacteriological condition of the soil in the astrakhan region

This article analyzes the sanitaryparasitological and sanitarybacteriological state of the soil of the Astrakhan region for 2015 to 2019. In total, 7587 soil samples taken from various environmental objects were studied, and 18.197 studies have been performed. Of the samples, 333 (4.4%) samples did not meet the hygiene standards. For parasitic purity, 4566 (60.2%) soil samples were examined, and 9132 (50.2%) studies have been performed. The largest number of soil samples were collected and examined in 2015 and 2016, which amounted to 943 (20.7%) in 2015 and 1046 (22.9%) in 2016. The number of samples that do not meet hygienic standards was 62 (6.6%) in 2015 and 91 (8.7%) in 2016. In 2015, the positive findings were helminthiasis caused by unfertilized eggs of Ascaris lumbricoides (4 [0.5%]), eggs of Toxocara canis (37 [3.9%]), and larvae of Strongyloides stercoralis (21 [2.2%]). For microbiological indicators, the largest number of soil samples were collected and examined in 2019 and amounted to 694 (23.0%), of which positive findings in the form of common coliform bacteria of Escherichia coli amounted to six (0.9%). Studies for bacteriological indicators in 2016 have used 662 (21.9%) samples, which is 0.9 times less than the samples taken in 2019. The sanitary condition of the soil of the Astrakhan region remains stably tense, as evidenced by positive findings in the form of eggs and larvae of helminths, as well as pathogenic bacteria of Escherichia coli. The presence of ascarid eggs, toxocars, and strongylid larvae in the soil indicates contamination of these objects with the feces of infected people and animals. The presence of coliform bacteria of Escherichia coli in the soil also indicates contamination with the feces of sick people.

Development of technology for cooked smoked lamb products using ultrasonic treatment

Cooked smoked lamb products belong to the category of delicacies with dietary properties. However, they are not widely used in the food market of the Russian Federation due to the complexity and duration of the technological process. In addition, the multi-stage delicacies making process contributes to the contamination of raw materials with microorganisms. The purpose of our research was to develop a technology for cooked smoked lamb products and the study of low-frequency ultrasound effect on microorganisms - possible contaminants of meat raw materials. Exposure to ultrasound at 35 kHz for 2 minutes inhibited the growth of C. albicans by 33.3%, E. coli by 43.8%, B. subbillis by 46.8%, S. aureus - by 80.6% in comparison with the control samples. After sonication at 26 kHz and exposure for 1 minute, the growth rate of C. albicans decreased by 50%, E. coli - by 64.6%, B. subbillis - by 89.1%, S. aureus - by 86.8% in comparison with control samples. With an increase in the treatment time, the growth rate of the studied bacteria decreased up to 90-98%. An organoleptic assessment of cooked smoked lamb delicacy after 6, 8, 10 and 12 hours of ultrasonic salting showed that the sample with a 12-hour salting had the best organoleptic properties. The developed scheme of smoked cooked lamb delicacies helps to improve the sanitary condition of the raw meat salting process, accelerate the product yield and improve the organoleptic properties of lamb delicacies.