Еxperience of maidenhair tree cultivation (Ginkgo biloba L.) in the dendrological park “Berezynka” of Mukachevo state forestry

An inventory of the only in Ukraine ginkgo biloba stand, created by planting forest crops in the arboretum «Berezynka». The distribution of tree trunks by thickness and statistical characteristics by diameter are given, the degree of defoliation and sanitary condition of ginkgo biloba stand are determined. The obtained results can be used to model the forest mesuration structure and merchantable volume structure of future ginkgo biloba stands during its plantation cultivation. The results of the study indicate the high resistance of the species to environmental factors in the region, which makes it possible to recommend this relict species for implementation in forestry practice.

On the way to balance of forestry land use of Ukraine: ecological-and-economic aspect

Purpose. The purpose of this work is to investigate the ecological-and-economic aspect of certain factors to ensure the balanced use of forest lands; develop proposals for the formation of the basis for the development of sustainable forestry. Methodology / approach. We used the following methods: dialectical method of cognition for the analysis of scientific works of scientists concerning problems of balanced use of lands of forestry purpose; method of analogies (transfer of patterns of development of one process with certain amendments to another process or territory); statistical (based on quantitative indicators that allow drawing conclusions about the pace of the process); comparative analysis (comparison of indicators of forest resources and their use for Ukraine and Poland); correlation analysis (identification of factors on which the forecast significantly depends; clarification of relationships, their relationship with the predicted phenomenon under the influence of certain factors), graphical, abstract-logical (theoretical generalizations and formulation of conclusions). The information base of the study is the data of the Global Assessment of Forest Resources of FAO 2020, the data of the Monitoring of Land Relations in Ukraine, the reporting of the State Forest Agency of Ukraine, the data of the Forest Stewardship Council®. Based on the annual reports of the State Forestry Agency of Ukraine, some indicators of the report of 288 state forestries for 2018–2020 are consolidated in terms of 24 regional departments of forestry and hunting. Results. In the dynamics for 2018–2020, changes in the volume of forest resources, forest reserves, biomass, and carbon density were studied; the indicators of forest resources and their use for Ukraine and Poland are compared. The volumes of forest certification by regions of Ukraine are estimated. The relationships between capital investments in forestry production and the price of sold wood, the volume of net income of state forestry, the amount of profit, the degree of depreciation of fixed assets; between the tax burden on state forestries and financial stability was studied. Based on the assessment of the relationships and changes in individual indicators, the need to update the fixed assets of forest enterprises through the improvement of the investment instrument is justified. The results of this study are a summary of evidence on the environmental and economic aspects of the impact of certain factors on the sustainable use of forest lands, which in turn forms the scientific basis for achieving the goals of state environmental policy of Ukraine. Originality / scientific novelty. The studied interdependencies between the statistical characteristics of individual indicators of forestry land use made it possible to identify factors to ensure balanced use of forestry lands. It is substantiated that reforestation, forest certification, renewal of fixed assets of forestry enterprises through the improvement of the investment instrument, optimization of the tax burden of forestry activities are favorable factors to ensure the balance of forestry land use. It is proved that the excessive tax burden is a deterrent to the balanced use of forest lands. It is proposed to alleviate the tax burden on forestry activities by reducing the rate of deduction of net income of state forestry enterprises, eliminating the problem of double taxation of the forest fund, which under limited budget funding will allow state forestries to accumulate their own financial resources to ensure sustainable land use. Practical value / implications. The main results of the study can be used to: (I) structure the factors of sustainable use of forest lands; (II) defining the goals of sustainable development when developing the strategy of forestry enterprises; (III) analysis of the achievement of sustainable development goals at the national level, defined by the Basic Principles (strategy) of the state environmental policy of Ukraine for the period up to 2030. The results of the study can be used both at the level of forest management entities, as well as at the regional and national levels, to make management decisions on the implementation of measures that ensure the balanced use of forest land. Also, the causal links between indicators that arise from the response of indicators to certain factors open up new opportunities for forest management planning. These results can provide important information for the protection and use of forest resources in all regions of Ukraine.

MODERN FLORAL DESIGN IN THE FACE OF CLIMATE CHANGE

This paper substantiates the relevance of using a mix of shrubs and resistant perennials, in particular, cereals and drought-resistant ground cover plants in modern urban flower decoration. An analysis was made of the modern floral decoration of urban social facilities in Voronezh and a search for the current assortment of perennials for mixborders and container compositions. When selecting the assortment, the authors were guided by the ecological requirements of plants and the main purpose of flower beds - to create color dominants of landscape compositions. Particular attention in the work is paid to container gardening. Some of the compositions have already been tested in practice last season on the example of the campus of the Voronezh State Forestry University named after G.F. Morozov. After a year, some adjustments were made to the range of plants. There is an opportunity to extend this experience to other social facilities of the city.

Study of the work of a self-propelled mulcher in the preparation of forest soils for planting poplar in the conditions of Bulgaria

The article describes the use of mulcher technology in forestry for the care of forest crops, removal of overgrowth under power lines, in the right-of-way of gas and oil pipelines, railways and highways. With the help of mulchers, they create fire strips in the forest, make clearings. Mulchers clean fallen trees after fires, floods and hurricanes. They are involved in landscaping and agricultural work. The article examines the work of the PT-400 self-propelled tillage mulcher for the surface crushing of logging waste on the utilized poplar plantations of the Oryakhovsky state forestry in Bulgaria. The work of the Rotor Ferri S stump grinder was studied when crushing poplar stumps with a diameter of up to 50 cm. The hourly productivity of these machines at various operations was determined, and also the process of crushing stumps and felling residues by fractional composition was studied. The work of the mulcher was compared with the bulldozer technology and the mounted tractor stump grinder Rotor Ferri S. It was concluded that the mounted stump grinder Rotor Ferri S is the most suitable machine for grinding poplar stumps of any diameter, since its productivity significantly exceeds that of the PT-400 mulcher/tiller. The load on the tractor is minimal, which saves energy. At the same time, mulching technology is very effective and in demand.

Role of Extension Forest Officers in Forest Conservation in Cross River State, Nigeria

This study assessed role of extension forest officers in forest conservation in Cross River State, Nigeria. All the forest officers under the employment of the Cross River State Forestry Commission (CRSFC) formed the population of the study. Systematic sampling technique was employed to select 78 respondents for the study out of a population of 314 forest officers. Data were collected through validated structured interview schedule. Data were analyzed using percentage and mean scores. The major effective extension role of forest officers in forest conservation were creating awareness through environmental enlightenment campaign in forest communities ( x̄= 2.61) and dissemination of information in relation to public participation in forest conservation (x̄ = 2.61). The Major training needs of forest officers in forest conservation were sustainable forest management practices (x̄ = 3.39), forestry extension practices ( x̄= 3.32) and developing group participation. The most serious constraints to effective forestry extension service delivery were inadequate funding ( x̄= 2.97), and lack of vehicles for field staff logistics (x̄ = 2.80). ). Forestry extension service delivery in forest conservation was less effective, owing to a great number of constraints militating against the service delivery. For extension role of forest officers in forest conservation to be more effective in the state, there is need for extension unit to be created by the Cross River State Forestry Commission and specifically saddled with the responsibility of carrying out forestry extension functions along with the readiness of the state government to adequately coordinate and fund forestry extension services.

Formation and improvement f organizational and economic bases of forestry production in state forestry in Ukraine and Podillia region

Some issues on the historical formation of Podillia region of modern Ukraine and the formation of forestry in it are covered. It practically begins and acquires social meaning in the second half of the twentieth century. This means the use of land provided to economic entities (forestries) for growing wood as their main forestry product. The same applies to the cultivation and sale of natural resources related to forestry, secondary forest materials, services of various contents, etc. It is highlighted that the Forest Code of Ukraine has cunningly replaced the object of labor and use of the natural resource «Earth» with forest resources. The issues are somewhat complicated by the use of tax indicators and forms of their analysis and publication without their adaptation to the UN-ECE / FAO Standard Statistical Classification of Land Use and without the necessary grouping by forest and environmental components. The Government of Ukraine approves the Resolution «On Approval of the Procedure for Division of Forests into Categories and Allocation of Specially Protected Forest Areas», which does not bring national forest legislation closer to it. In this way, the further growth of non-timber forest lands at least 3 times or more in comparison with the leading European countries was legitimized. The necessity of improving the content of the current Forest Code of Ukraine, as well as finalization and updating of the Instruction on forest management in the state forestry of Ukraine is proved. The availability of statistical and reporting information on the state of forests of the State Forest Agency of Ukraine for state-owned enterprises of the past allows to update the relevant reporting indicators while adapting them to the norms of European forestry. The proposed measures are aimed at improving forest legislation, as well as the formation of measures in the practical activities of forest management and the work of managers using its materials in forestry.

On the way Towards a Balanced Forestry Land Use: The Economy of State Forestry Enterprises in Small Polissia of Ukraine in the Context of the COVID-19 Pandemic

The COVID-19 pandemic, creating massive social and economic challenges, has started additional risks in ensuring balanced forest land use at the national, regional, and global levels. In this regard, the issues of preserving ecosystems and improving the well-being of citizens, avoiding the risk of deforestation and degradation of forests due to the negative impact of the pandemic on the economy of the forestry sector have become relevant. The article's purpose is a theoretical and methodological substantiation of ensuring a balanced use of forestry lands in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, which is associated with economic regulation, investments, and the level of financial support. The object of this study is five state forestry enterprises of the Small Polissia region of Ukraine, referred to the jurisdiction of the State Forestry Agency. The main economic problems and financial needs of the studied state forestry enterprises were identified by analyzing the dynamics of their income, the level of depreciation of fixed assets, the volume of capital investments, labor productivity, and workers' wages. Based on the analysis of reporting indicators of state forestry enterprises in the Small Polissia region of Ukraine, conceptual frameworks for coordinating efforts to ensure the balanced use of forestry lands in Ukraine have been prepared. Measures were proposed to help mitigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the social and economic dimensions of forestry land use. Recommendations for financing forestry activities, accelerating transformational changes in investment support of the forestry industry, revising the tax burden on state forestry enterprises have been substantiated. Balanced forest land use can reduce the risk of future pandemics. Therefore, its financing and incentives based on economic preferences should be a public policy priority on sustainable development.

Participation of stakeholders in sustainable management of a state-owned forest reserve in kwara state, nigeria

Purpose: The study evaluates participation of stakeholders in sustainable management of Odun Forest Reserve, a government owned reserve located in Irepodun Local Government Area of Kwara State, Nigeria. The reserve is under the management of the State Forestry Department with dominance of Tectona grandis and Gmelina arborea. Methodology: Stakeholders selected for this study include the rural dwellers, the timber contractors and designated staff of the Kwara State Department of Forestry. Structured questionnaire was used for collection of primary data. Findings: The products collected in the reserve include timber, firewood and leaves. Majority of the rural dwellers did not participate in the decision making relating to Odun Forest Reserve (87,5%), prevention of illegal exploitation (80,0%) and in the management of Odun Forest Reserve. Concerted efforts are required by the State Forestry Department to involve the local stakeholders in the management. Research Limitation: Entry into the reserve is by authorization or payment of levy to the Department of Forestry. Originality: The development of the area as a whole will eventually enable the realization of the goal of sustainable forest reserve management. Participation will give the stakeholders the sense of ownership necessary for sustainability and protection against illegal activities.