THE ENTOMOPHYLIC FUNGI STUDY IN THE PRYMORYE (RUSSIAN FAR EAST)

After a long break, research on entomophylic fungi has been restarted in the Prymorye. Earlier surveys showed an exceptional species diversity of the territory - about 70 species. This is 20-25% of the total species number known in the world. This group of fungi is given unjustifiably little attention in our region. They significantly affect the dynamics of insect populations in the ecosystem. In addition, the use of compounds produced by entomophylic fungi in medicine is gaining increasing popularity. We studied 31 samples from the collection of entomophilic fungi of the Far Eastern Regional Herbarium (VLA). The analysis of the obtained data allowed us to clarify the distribution and diversity of entomophilic species in the Region. Data on the distribution of Cordyceps deflectens, C. militaris, C. takaomontana, Ophiocordyceps crinalis, O. nutans, O. sphecocephala, O. tricentri and O. variabilis have been clarified and supplemented. For O. tricentri data on the spectrum of host insects are expanded.

Forecasting of hazardous marine hydrometeorological phenomena for the regions of oil and gas deposit development on the Sea of Okhotsk Shelf

A brief description of the marine hazard forecast methods and technology for the Sea of Okhotsk developed in the Federal State Budgetary Institution “ Far Eastern Regional Hydrometeorological Research Institute (FERHRI)” is presented. These methods and technology provide numerical prognostic products for the following parameters: wave height, period and direction; sea ice concentration, thickness, drift and compression; sea level and storm surges. The successful cases of practical applications of these forecasts demonstrate the effectiveness of the developed forecast methods and technology.

Rates and indications of caesarean section deliveries in Bhutan 2015–2019: a national review

Background Bhutan has made much efforts to provide timely access to health services during pregnancy and increase institutional deliveries. However, as specialist obstetric services became available in seven hospitals in the country, there has been a steady increase in the rates of caesarean deliveries. This article describes the national rates and indications of caesarean section deliveries in Bhutan. Methods This is a review of hospital records and a qualitative analysis of peer-reviewed articles on caesarean deliveries in Bhutan. Data on the volume of all deliveries that happened in the country from 2015 to 2019 were retrieved from the Annual Health Bulletins published by the Ministry of Health. The volume of deliveries and caesarean deliveries were extracted from the Annual Report of the National Referral Hospital 2015–2019 and the data were collected from hospital records of six other obstetric centres. A national rate of caesarean section was calculated as a proportion out of the total institutional deliveries at all hospitals combined. At the hospital level, the proportion of caesarean deliveries are presented as a proportion out of total institutional deliveries conducted in that hospital. Results For the period 2015–2019, the average national rate of caesarean section was 20.1% with a statistically significant increase from 18.1 to 21.5%. The average rate at the six obstetric centres was 29.9% with Phuentsholing Hospital (37.2%), Eastern Regional Referral Hospital (34.2%) and Samtse General Hospital (32.0%) reporting rates higher than that of the National Referral Hospital (28.1%). Except for the Eastern Regional Referral and Trashigang Hospitals, the other three centres showed significant increase in the proportion of caesarean deliveries during the study period. The proportion of emergency caesarean section at National Referral Hospital, Central Regional Referral Hospital and the Phuentsholing General Hospital was 58.8%. The National Referral Hospital (71.6%) and Phuentsholing General Hospital reported higher proportions of emergency caesarean sections (64.4%) while the Central Regional Referral Hospital reported higher proportions of elective sections (59.5%). The common indications were ‘past caesarean section’ (27.5%), foetal distress and non-reassuring cardiotocograph (14.3%), failed progress of labour (13.2%), cephalo-pelvic disproportion or shoulder dystocia (12.0%), and malpresentation including breech (8.8%). Conclusion Bhutan’s caesarean section rates are high and on the rise despite a shortage of obstetricians. This trend may be counterproductive to Bhutan’s efforts towards 2030 Sustainable Development Goal agendas and calls for a review of obstetric standards and practices to reduce primary caesarean sections.

Detection of symmetrical fault and discrimination from power swing using MOPSVC approach

Distance relay are designed with swing blocking/tripping logic to maintain reliable and secure operation of power system. To prevent this from happening, the relay is functioned with a power swing blocking (PSB) logic. However, ensuring proper detection to swing event requires to overcome from the dependable situation such as three-phase fault. The relay refuses to behave normally if both swing and three-phase fault occur simultaneously. Reliable setting is essential to generate trip/block command. Unsymmetrical faults are easily detected during the swing condition due to the presence of negative and zero sequence components, but such components are absent in the case of symmetrical/three-phase fault. As a result, symmetrical fault under blocking condition is unidentified many a times by the distance relay, arising security issues. To improve the relay operation during swing and symmetrical fault conditions, a MOPSVC (multiplication of positive sequence voltage and current) based index is developed in this work. The MOPSVC index helps to discern power swing from three-phase fault. To test the efficacy of the method, a 230 kV, 50 Hz two-area four machine system, and Indian Eastern Regional Grid (IERG) network are considered. Simulation task is conducted using EMTDC/PSCAD software. To investigate the performance of the proposed method, various swing phenomena, faults, CT saturation, switching transients, and the presence of noise cases are considered, and the results demonstrate the robustness of the proposed algorithm. Responses under stressed power system conditions are also investigated, and a report on comparisons with existing methods is provided. Simulated results confirm that the proposed algorithm can balance the dependability and security aspects of the protection logic.

THE ACTIVITY OF THE FAR EASTERN OSOAVIAKHIM IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE 1920S – 1930S

The article examines the period of formation and development of the society for promoting defense and aviation-chemical construction in the Far East from 1927 to 1938. The purpose of the organization is aimed at strengthening the country's defense power, preparing a reserve for the armed forces of the USSR. The time when the Far Eastern Territory was divided into Kha-barovsk and Primorsky, with the subsequent abolition of the Far Eastern Regional Council of Osoaviakhim.