Metal containing composites based on styrene copolymers and butoxyl methyl methacrylate as a catalyst in the oxidation of the diesel fraction

The article presents the results of studies on the metal-based composites on the basis of copolymers and block copolymers of styrene with butoxymethyl methacrylate (BOMMA) as a catalyst in the oxidation process of naphthene paraffin fraction, which was obtained by extraction method of dearomatization of diesel fraction. It was shown that at low concentrations of metals of variable valency in the content of the catalyst here is sufficiently high yield of synthetic petroleum acids.

Physiological effects of hydrocarbons on phytoplankton

The effect of hydrocarbons on phytoplankton has been studied using laboratory cultures of marine diatoms and flagellates. Low oil concentrations ,stimulate photosynthetic activities while high oil concentration« cause inhibition. The concentrations required for both stimulation and toxicity depend on the individual species. The toxic effects become more obvious after a few days due perhaps to the slow penetration of the oils. The toxicity levels are also affected by the presence of organic material in the medium.. Studies on the ultrastructure hasrshown an effect of the paraffin fraction on the cell wall although the external morphology was not affected. Assimilation of hydrocarbons by the diatoms has also been proved by using gas chromatography. The competition between two species in the presence and absence of oil has been studied to obtain an idea of the ecological importance of this form of pollution.

EFFECTS OF PETROLEUM OILS ON THE CARBON DIOXIDE UPTAKE IN THE APPARENT PHOTOSYNTHESIS OF PARSNIP AND MUSTARD

The herbicidal oils, petroleum naphtha, boiling range 149° to 204 °C, the naphthene–paraffin fraction of petroleum naphtha, undiluted n-dodecane, 25% p-cymene in paraffinic oil, and 15% tetrahydronaphthalene in paraffinic oil, caused an immediate decrease in apparent photosynthesis of both parsnip and mustard to near the respiration level. The photosynthesis of parsnip began to recover by 1 hour and was near 70% of normal with no visible injury by 24 hours after application of oil. With mustard, there was a slight temporary recovery during the first hour but then the photosynthesis completely ceased with the death of the leaves. Paraffinic oil containing 15% p-cymene was not selective, as the photosynthesis of mustard recovered to 40% of normal by 24 hours after application of the oil.A non-herbicidal, paraffinic oil, boiling range 204° to 260 °C, immediately decreased the apparent photosynthesis of both parsnip and mustard to the compensation point. The photosynthesis of both plants began to recover within 1 hour after application of the oil and was approaching normal by 24 hours, with no visible injury.