Comparative Electron-Microscopic Study of Shape Memory Alloys of Systems Cu-Ni-Al and Ni-Mn-Al

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Invariom-based comparative electron density studies of iso-sildenafil and sildenafil

The title compounds have raised considerable medical and broad public interest in that sildenafil is used as an agent against male erectile dysfunction; iso-sildenafil is not in clinical use. A comparison of their structural and electronic properties therefore seems of interest. The electron densities of iso-sildenafil and the cationic and neutral forms of sildenafil were examined by the application of the invariom formalism relying on diffraction data reported in the literature. The electron-density distributions obtained were subjected to topological analysis using the quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM) formalism to yield bond topological and atomic properties. Moreover, molecular Hirshfeld surfaces and electrostatic potentials (ESPs) were calculated. A number of structural and electronic differences were thus identified between sildenafil and the iso-analog. In both sildenafil structures, the phenyl ring and the pyrazolopyrimidine fragment are practically coplanar (planar conformation), whereas in the iso-analog they exhibit an angle of 44° (inclined form). Related to differences in molecular structure are completely different hydrogen bonding patterns and differences in the ESPs, the latter ones being influenced by different methylation at the pyrazolopyrimidine fragment. Iso-sildenafil is present as a hydrogen-bond dimer in the crystal, and the ESP of this dimer is dominated by a surrounding positive potential.

Effect of H bond removal and changes in the position of the iron–sulphur head domain on the spin–lattice relaxation properties of the [2Fe–2S]2+Rieske cluster in cytochrome bc1

Here, comparative electron spin–lattice relaxation studies of the 2Fe–2S iron–sulphur (Fe–S) cluster embedded in a large membrane protein complex – cytochromebc1– are reported.