Just Societal Transformation: Perspectives of Pastoralists in the Lower Omo Valley in Ethiopia

Pastoralists’ livelihoods in Africa are highly endangered by adverse forces – the climate change being one among those. Against this background, climate change adaptation is conceptualized as strategic agency in the field of risk-laden livelihood environments, that is, agency in the face of risky options and non-calculable uncertainties.The chapter conceptualizes pastoralists’ livelihoods exposed to a four-fold hierarchy of environmental risks and forces defining the actors’ arena of strategic decision making: From the global scale of ever extending impacts by the climate change imperative, to the national scale of government policies in terms of decentralization, challenging people to govern and define their communal efforts in terms of climate change adaptation, and down to the regional scale, which in the presented case is dominated by a large-scale investment, the Kuraz Sugar Development Project, which again confronts local actors with adverse forces toward villagization and eviction from pasture grounds. Right at the end of this hierarchy and in accordance with discourses on “climate services,” the end-users and local actors, the pastoralists, are confronted with and offered a product that they can input into their decision making: cattle feed from the residues of the irrigated sugar cane. The question remains whether substantive aspects of processes turning into true environmental and social justice in terms of recognition, procedures, and distribution will be paid attention to.

Just Societal Transformation: Perspectives of Pastoralists in the Lower Omo Valley in Ethiopia

Pastoralists’ livelihoods in Africa are highly endangered by adverse forces – the climate change being one among those. Against this background, climate change adaptation is conceptualized as strategic agency in the field of risk-laden livelihood environments, that is, agency in the face of risky options and non-calculable uncertainties.The chapter conceptualizes pastoralists’ livelihoods exposed to a four-fold hierarchy of environmental risks and forces defining the actors’ arena of strategic decision making: From the global scale of ever extending impacts by the climate change imperative, to the national scale of government policies in terms of decentralization, challenging people to govern and define their communal efforts in terms of climate change adaptation, and down to the regional scale, which in the presented case is dominated by a large-scale investment, the Kuraz Sugar Development Project, which again confronts local actors with adverse forces toward villagization and eviction from pasture grounds. Right at the end of this hierarchy and in accordance with discourses on “climate services,” the end-users and local actors, the pastoralists, are confronted with and offered a product that they can input into their decision making: cattle feed from the residues of the irrigated sugar cane. The question remains whether substantive aspects of processes turning into true environmental and social justice in terms of recognition, procedures, and distribution will be paid attention to.

Government policies and implementation for sugarcane production in western Uttar Pradesh: A review

India is the original place of sugarcane production. Sugar cane is used to prepare sugar and its other forms in India. In 1920, the then Governor-General of India established the Indian Sugar Committee, wishing a bright future for the business of sugar. In the year 1930, a Tariff Board was established on the recommendation of the sub-Committee of the Research Council of India. In this, the Government of India was recommended to protect the sugar industry. Though in Pratappur, UP, India’s first sugar mill was established, yet the farmers were facing numerous problems due to lack of installed system. The Government of India passed Sugar cane act 1934 and through which authorised state Governments to control prices of sugar manufactured by different sugar mills. In Uttar Pradesh, the Department of Sugar Development was established in 1935. The paper discusses the policies and their implementation in the field of sugar production.