Effects of Attitude, Barriers/Facilitators, and Visual Differentiation on Oral Mucosa Pressure Ulcer Prevention Performance Intention

Oral mucosa pressure ulcers (PUs) can result in frequent pain and discomfort, and have negative effects on quality of life. We aimed to examine attitude, barriers/facilitators of oral mucosa PU prevention, the ability to differentiate oral mucosa PU, and to identify factors influencing PU prevention performance intention. This was a cross-sectional descriptive study of 112 nurses in seven tertiary hospitals and three secondary hospitals. The data collection period was from August to December 2018. For data analysis, descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson’s correlation coefficient, and multiple regression were used. The mean score of attitudes toward oral mucosa PU prevention was 3.74 ± 0.39. Barriers to oral mucosa PU prevention were 5.65 ± 1.66, and facilitators were 5.35 ± 1.34. The mean correct answer rate of visual differentiation ability was 13%. The factors affecting intention to perform oral mucosa PU prevention were facilitators of oral mucosa PU prevention (β = 0.32, p = 0.001) and attitude (β = 0.26, p = 0.005). To increase intention to perform oral mucosa PU prevention, positive attitudes and enhanced facilitators should be encouraged. Therefore, standardized guidelines and strategies, such as educational opportunities and allocation of resources and personnel focused on oral mucosa PU prevention, need to be provided.

Dynamics of Visual Partial Functions in Children and Pupils from 5-8 Years of Age

The article focuses on the structure and the dynamics of partial functions of visual skills (visual segmentation – visual differentiation of the figure/background, visual differentiation of shapes and visual memory) children during their last year at nursery school and their first two years of school attendance as a part of the research project of the Faculty of Education, Palacký University Olomouc. The stimulus material of the investigation was made up of diagnostic and reeducation instruments by Viennese professor B. Sindelar. The Sindelar’s instrument has no norms, the aim of the investigation was to determine the median values of the performances in the aforementioned areas of visual perception of children and thus to determine the dynamics of the development of these functions in the intact population. The research sample consisted of children from pupils of Moravian and Prague schools – the last year of kindergarten and the first two years of elementary school, it was a deliberate and institutional sample selection. Since the survey had a quantitative design, a statistical procedure was used to analyze the collected data (median value, statistically significant difference between respondent groups was determined by the Mann–Whitney test). The results of the investigation were demonstrated by a table and a graph for each subtest.

Object Seeing and Spatial Perception

This chapter considers the Spatiality Claim: if one sees an object then one sees some of that object’s spatial properties. The author considers an argument for this given by Cassam (2007), and challenges Cassam’s argument. His argument involves the idea, inspired by Dretske (1969), that seeing an object requires visual differentiation. But, it is argued here, there are prima facie counter-examples to the visual differentiation condition. Next, the author discusses the Spatiality Claim directly, and defends it against potential counter-examples which come from reflection on empirical cases where subjects can see objects yet have some sort of spatial perception deficit. One theme that emerges is that insofar as versions of the Spatiality Claim are defensible, we should focus on the relatively determinable spatial properties of objects and our perception of such properties.

A novel colorimetric sensor for sensitive determination of R-citalopram based on the plasmonic properties of silver nanoparticles

A simple and reliable colorimetric method for visual differentiation between the S-citalopram and R-citalopram enantiomers in aqueous solution based on the inherent chirality of silver nanoparticles as a colorimetric probe was presented.