Tingkat Kesamaan Acacia mangium, Acacia auriculiformis, dan Hibridnya Berdasarkan Sifat Anatomi Akar, Batang, dan Daun

Persilangan antara Acacia mangium dan Acacia auriculiformis akan menghasilkan hibrid akasia, baik secara alami maupun buatan. Seperti induknya, jenis hibrid akasia dikembangkan untuk mendukung ketersediaan bahan baku industri pulp dan kertas. Secara morfologi, A. mangium, A. auriculiformis, dan hibridnya (A. mangium xA. auriculiformis) dapat dengan mudah dibedakan pada tingkat semai. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui tingkat kesamaan antara A. mangium, A. auriculiformis, dan hibridnya berdasarkan perbedaan struktur anatomi mikroskopis pada akar, batang/ranting dan daun (filodia). Sampel akar, batang/ranting, dan daun (filodia) dibuat preparat semi permanen menggunakan teknik free-hand dan hasilnya diamati dengan image raster dan leaf clearing. Parameter yang diamati adalah ukuran jaringan penyusun akar, batang/ranting, dan daun(filodia) serta hubungan kekerabatan antara A. mangium, A. auriculiformis, dan hibridnya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa antara A. mangium dan A. auriculiformis mempunyai tingkat kesamaan sebesar 55,26% dan hibrid A. mangium xA. auriculiformis mempunyai tingkat kesamaan dengan induk betina (A. mangium) lebih besar dibandingkan dengan induk jantan (A. auriculiformis), yaitu berturut-turut sebesar 60,53%-65,78% dan 52,63%-63,16%. Hibrid vigor mempunyai kekerabatan lebih dekat dengan hibrid intermediet dibandingkan dengan hibrid inferior, yaitu berturut-turut sebesar 78,95% dan 68,42%. Kemungkinan untuk mendapatkan hibrid unggul dengan persilangan dapat ditingkatkan dengan memilih pohon induk betina yang lebih unggul.Similarity Index among Acacia mangium, Acacia auriculiformis, and its Hybrid Based on the Anatomical Properties of Root, Stem, and LeafAbstractCrossing between Acacia mangium and Acacia auriculiformis will result Acacia hybrid whether naturally or artificially. Acacia hybrid, as its parents, was developed to support pulp and paper industries. Morphological characteristics of leaves among A. mangium, A. auriculiformis, and its hybrid (A. mangium x A. auriculifomris) were easily differentiated on nursery stage. This study was done to observe the anatomy of root, stem, and leaves of A. mangium, A. auriculiformis, and its hybrid for assessing their similarity. The samples of leaves, stems, and roots were made into semi-permanent object using freehand technique then the results were assessed using an image-raster and leaf clearing. The observed parameters were the anatomical structure in the root, stem, and leaves tissues as well as similarity index among A. mangium, A. auriculiformis, and its hybrid. The result showed that the similarity between A, mangium and A. auriculiformis was 55.26% and its hybrid were closer to A. mangium than A. auriculiformis with similarity index of 60.53%-65.78% and 52.63%-63-16%, respectively. Hybrid vigour showed a closer similarity to intermediate hybrid than inferior hybrid with similarity index of 78.95% and 68.42%. It is a great probability to obtain hybrid vigour by selecting good mother-trees due to the similarity index between hybrid and its mother tree.

Calcium oxalate crystal macropatterns in leaves of species from groups Glycine and Shuteria (Glycininae; Phaseoleae; Papilionoideae; Fabaceae)

Calcium oxalate crystal macropatterns in leaves were characterized for 69 species (and two Glycine tomentella cytotypes) from 14 of 16 genera in two legume groups, Glycine and Shuteria, to determine whether they share a common macropattern. A leaf clearing method was used to visualize the crystals. All 69 species (and two Glycine tomentella cytotypes) displayed prismatic crystals associated with leaf veins and vein endings. In contrast, mesophyll crystals occurred in 76.8% of 69 species and two G. tomentella cytotypes, and varied from a few to many. Conversely, only 40.9% of 22 Glycine species (in group Glycine) lacked mesophyll crystals, while 8.7% of 23 species of six genera associated with Glycine (in group Glycine) lacked mesophyll crystals. Thus 24.4% of 45 species of seven combined genera in group Glycine lacked mesophyll crystals. With seven genera in group Shuteria, 20.8% of 24 species lacked mesophyll crystals. The consistently present vein crystals varied in size and shape, so their length–width (Stubby versus Long) crystal ratios were determined for primary, secondary, and tertiary veins, and vein endings. Two trends were evident: Long-crystal ratios increased from primary veins to vein endings in species in both groups, and the perennial and annual Glycine species showed this condition to a greater extent than all the non-Glycine species. In some cases, taxonomically closely associated species were quite similar in their macropattern and presence or absence of mesophyll crystals. These results should be of value to future studies dealing with taxonomy and phylogeny of species in these two leguminous groups.

The occurrence of an extended bundle sheath system (paraveinal mesophyll) in the legumes

The tissue previously described as paraveinal mesophyll in soybean leaves is shown to have the characters of bundle sheath rather than mesophyll cells and is renamed "extended bundle sheath" (EBS) tissue. Its presence was surveyed by leaf clearing in 66 species of legumes of all three subfamilies. A complete extended bundle sheath system similar to that previously described in soybean was identified in 21 of the species. This system is a paradermally oriented tissue, one cell deep, between the spongy and palisade mesophylls, consisting of extended bundle sheath cells, which join each other across the interveinal space either directly or via bridging cells of somewhat similar shape and size. A newly recognized, attenuated extended bundle sheath system, in which bundle sheath cells extend but do not form a continuum except in very narrow interveinal spaces, is described; it was found in 32 species. Extended bundle sheath tissue was absent from 13 of the species. The presence or form of extended bundle sheath tissue does not follow traditional taxonomic divisions. Extended bundle sheath systems were also found in 3 of 5 nonlegume species.