Dwelling of Volhynians at the End of XIV – the middle of the XVI century

The article discusses the kind of a typical house of the medieval Volhynian of the late XIV – middle XVI centuries. It is based on narrative and archaeological sources. The author explores the stages of building a house, material options and the help of craftsmen, external and internal appearance of the house, a variety of household utensils. It was found out that the family yard consisted mostly of living quarters, stables, farm pits and gardens. Wealthy townspeople placed baths in the yard, obtaining permission from the administration. The construction of the house was the business of the owner, who, in addition to the involvement of artisans, was himself a worker. An essential attribute of the dwelling was the furnace, which was decorated with tiles of geometric or floral ornament. Until the beginning of the sixteenth century, the living quarters were wooden, while the administrative and church buildings were made of stone. This was one of the causes of city fires that local authorities tried to fight, limiting candle light and hiring a city security guard. It is noted that in order to fill the houses, the market was filled with wide range of products from local manufactures, from shovels to variety of colored glasses, bowls and other kitchen essentials. It was proved that the home decoration was influenced by owner’s activities, his well-being and aesthetic preferences typical for the residents of the region. It was also determined that the dwellings of Volhynian were rich enough. In addition to that, the development of the city was monitored by the local authorities, which often abused its power.

A novel candle light-style OLED with a record low colour temperature

Candle light-style OLEDs based on new D–A–π–A type molecules incorporated into Alq3 matrix were developed. A record low color temperature of 1722 K OLED radiation was achieved, which is by 80 K lower than that of the best devices reported previously.