CAMP MANAGEMENT AND THE RIGHT TO FOOD FOR ELDERLY REFUGEES: A CASE STUDY OF NYARUGUSU REFUGEE CAMP, KASULU DISTRICT IN TANZANIA

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine how camp management ensures the right to food for elderly refugees in Nyarugusu Refugee Camp, Kasulu District in Tanzania. Materials and Methods: The study adopted a mixed method research design. The study target population was 4,080 elderly refugees aged sixty years and above and 21 senior camp managers. Stratified and purposive sampling techniques were used to obtain the sample for the study. Krejicie and Morgani (1970), was used to obtain a sample of 344 elderly respondents and purposive sampling to select 21 senior camp managers. The study used questionnaires and in-depth interview guide to collect primary data. The collected quantitative data was analyzed with the aid of SPSS using descriptive statistics such as mean, standard deviation, frequency and percentage. The qualitative data collected using interview guides was analyzed thematically using content analysis. The results were presented in tables, charts and bars. Results: The study found that most of the elderly refugees involved in the study had no idea what camp management entailed. The study also found that most of the elderly refugees aged 60 years and above in Nyarugusu Refugee Camp Kasulu District in Tanzania were not able to find all the food they would have liked. Further, the study found that satisfactorily nutritional status is paramount so as to meet the dietary needs of the elderly. The study also found that overcrowding in Nyarugusu Refugee Camp, Kasulu District in Tanzania was hindering the ability of the camp management to provide the elderly with sufficient food to a very great extent. Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: The study recommended that there is need for the camp management in Nyarugusu Refugee Camp, Kasulu District in Tanzania to create awareness amongst refugees themselves and humanitarian organizations, and risk assessment and interventions to improve access to an adequate and appropriate diet for the elderly refugees aged 60 years and above.

EXAMINING THE BARRIERS TO REPORTING SEXUAL HARASSMENT IN UNIVERSITIES

Purpose: Universities have responded to sexual harassment by putting in place formalized reporting processes through which victims can seek redress. Despite these processes, victims seldom invoke the grievance handling mechanisms that are enshrined in university sexual harassment policies. This study therefore sought to investigate why the vice is grossly under reported. Given the asymmetrical relationship between students and faculty as well as the gendered position of female students, this study specifically focused on why female undergraduate students seldom reported faculty perpetrated sexual harassment. Methodology: The study was carried out at a large public university in East Africa, was purely qualitative and involved 42 participants who included students, members of faculty and university administrators. The data was analyzed thematically Findings: These indicated that institutional and social cultural barriers coupled with power asymmetries and financial inadequacy play a role in the non-reporting of sexual harassment amongst female university students. Unique contribution to policy and practice: These findings are beneficial to universities especially as they seek to revise their existing sexual harassment policies. University managers ought to ensure that complaint handlers are well positioned to fairly handle sexual harassment complaints. This may help victims to build trust in the grievance handling mechanisms thus encouraging them to report the vice

Graduate Joblessness: Conviction for Entrepreneurship Studies in Library and Information Science Programme of Nigerian Tertiary Institutions

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to understand what the Nigerian graduates are passing through, most especially graduate of library and information science programme of Nigerian tertiary institutions. Findings: The statistics of unemployed graduates in Nigeria as at 2011 showed that a disheartening figure of 42.7 million with over 1,8 million graduates churned out of our higher institutions yearly. It was further revealed that the unemployment rate in Nigeria stood at 38 percent in 2013 with further increase expected in succeeding years. The slow rate of economic growth and undeveloped private sector, faulty manpower planning, high expectations of the fresh graduate attitude towards some types of jobs, recruitments, the quest for higher education, inadequate educational curricular, immobility of labour, the long period of initial unemployment among graduates of higher institution, use of capital intensive technology, wide rural-urban migration Conclusion: It is evident that entrepreneurship education is important for Library and Information Science students in higher institution of learning. The training of Library and Information Science students must reflect the 21st century development in the field which is influenced by the emergence of Information Technology, hence, Library and Information Science students must have computer proficiency, familiarity with metadata, database management and application, web development and design, knowledge of electronic resources and services

ASSESSING THE IMPACTS OF MEGA SPORTING EVENTS ON HUMAN RIGHTS: A CASE OF THE 2022 FIFA WORLD CUP IN QATAR

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to assess the impacts of Mega Sporting Events on human rights, focusing on the FIFA 2022 World Cup in Qatar. Methodology: The study adopted a case study research design. The study administered structured questionnaires to a target population of 520 respondents out of which 400 respondents returned filled questionnaires. Simple random sampling was used to select a sample size of 400 respondents working in different activities related to the FIFA 2022 Association World Cup in Qatar. The quantitative data obtained was analysed using the SPSS version 25 for data analysis through the use of descriptive statistics such as frequencies and percentages with t-tests used to test the significance of the frequencies. Multiple linear regression was used to depict the relationship between the dependent and predictor variables. Findings: The findings of the study demonstrated that there exist human rights guiding principles, most of which have been adopted from international declarations, conventions and treaties. Also, the study found out that the different phases of the 2022 FIFA World Cup in Qatar have significant effects on adverse human rights and also significantly present opportunities for advancing human rights. Besides, the study found that challenges such as the Kafala Scheme, increase in unregulated recruitment agents, religion and Qatar’s tradition continue to inhibit efforts that have been put in place by different actors towards enhancing human rights. Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy : The study recommend policy measures focusing on Mega Sporting Events’ towards influencing sustainability and the effect of Mega Sporting Events human rights for both local residents and migrant workers.

SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURIAL SUPPORT AND ITS IMPACT ON SOCIAL ECONOMIC EMPOWERMENT OF HOUSEHOLDS

Purpose: The study aimed to establish the impact of social entrepreneurial support on social-economic empowerment of households and a case study of Riziki Kenya was taken. Methodology: The study used a descriptive survey design and the target population for this study was Riziki managers and staff as the key informants, the 230 supported entrepreneurs (households) and 22 supported micro-enterprises groups in Kibra Sub-County. The study employed multi-stage sampling which included purposive and simple random sampling. The study collected primary data using questionnaires. Key Informants included six Riziki Kenya managers and staff members. The use of interviews guides enabled the researcher to solicit the required information from supported entrepreneurs, key informants and group micro-enterprises. Statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS) was used to analyze quantitative data from questionnaires and the results presented in tables, graphs, charts and narratives to answer the research questions. Qualitative data was organized into themes and patterns categorized through content analysis to capture emerging thoughts. Results: Riziki Kenya has empowered households to improve their standards of living. Even with their small businesses, they could feed their families and pay bills. Empirically, the study has shown that social entrepreneurial support positively impacts the business of households which in turn improves the living conditions of families that own such enterprises. Access to credit facilities by small businesses helps such enterprises to grow and by extension, this improves the households’ finances and ability to get nutritious food, a good shelter, better education and better health care. Contribution to theory, policy and practice: The paper suggests that the appropriate model and theoretical approach for social entrepreneurial impacts would be to direct resources to household owned business which would grow and in turn affect the prosperity of the households. In practice, social entrepreneurs and their staff should increase the support to households partnering with other NGOs to train on the basic entrepreneurial and business management skills to improve their enterprises, increasing access to funds and any other intervention strategies. Policymakers should enact laws that encourage the growth of social entrepreneurship since doing so increases the likelihood of successful small enterprises and this finally impacts positively on the social-economic empowerment of households.