scholarly journals ASSESSING THE IMPACTS OF MEGA SPORTING EVENTS ON HUMAN RIGHTS: A CASE OF THE 2022 FIFA WORLD CUP IN QATAR

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-51
Author(s):  
Nasser K A Al-Dosari Khalifa
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Case Study Research ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Unique Contribution ◽  
Sporting Events ◽  
World Cup ◽  
Fifa World Cup ◽  
Local Residents

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to assess the impacts of Mega Sporting Events on human rights, focusing on the FIFA 2022 World Cup in Qatar. Methodology: The study adopted a case study research design. The study administered structured questionnaires to a target population of 520 respondents out of which 400 respondents returned filled questionnaires. Simple random sampling was used to select a sample size of 400 respondents working in different activities related to the FIFA 2022 Association World Cup in Qatar. The quantitative data obtained was analysed using the SPSS version 25 for data analysis through the use of descriptive statistics such as frequencies and percentages with t-tests used to test the significance of the frequencies. Multiple linear regression was used to depict the relationship between the dependent and predictor variables. Findings: The findings of the study demonstrated that there exist human rights guiding principles, most of which have been adopted from international declarations, conventions and treaties. Also, the study found out that the different phases of the 2022 FIFA World Cup in Qatar have significant effects on adverse human rights and also significantly present opportunities for advancing human rights. Besides, the study found that challenges such as the Kafala Scheme, increase in unregulated recruitment agents, religion and Qatar’s tradition continue to inhibit efforts that have been put in place by different actors towards enhancing human rights. Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy : The study recommend policy measures focusing on Mega Sporting Events’ towards influencing sustainability and the effect of Mega Sporting Events human rights for both local residents and migrant workers.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF THE ANTICIPATED AND POTENTIAL CONTRIBUTION OF MEGA SPORTING EVENTS IN ACHIEVING SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS: A CASE OF THE 2022 FIFA WORLD CUP IN QATAR

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Nasser AL-Dosari Khalifa
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Sustainable Development Goals ◽  
Potential Contribution ◽  
Unique Contribution ◽  
Sporting Events ◽  
Decent Work ◽  
World Cup ◽  
Fifa World Cup ◽  
Development Goals

Purpose: This study sought to analyse and determine which of the seventeen Sustainable Development Goals will be impacted by the 2022 FIFA World Cup in Qatar. Methodology: To achieve this, the study adopted an innovative approach and used ordinary linear regression as opposed to conventional logic models applied for such studies. The quantitative data collected was analysed using the SPSS version 25 for data analysis through the use of descriptive statistics such as frequencies and percentages as well as measures of central tendency such the mean. The target population that gave this data comprised of 100 respondends from the Qatari population, who were clustered into six categories through a multistage sampling design. The clusters included; migrant workers, Qatari nationals working with the government or the private sector, business people, experts in matters related to the SDGs under study, Government departments, and private practitioners such as lawyers. Findings:The study found that respondents anticipate and cited possible Sustainable Development Goals that will be achieved as a result of preparation and actual hosting of the FIFA 2022 World Cup in Qatar. These Goals were; Better Health and Wellbeing of all, Gender Equality, Sustained, Inclusive and Sustainable Economic Growth, Full and Productive Employment and Decent Work for all, Improved Infrastructure, Promotion of Inclusive and Sustainable Industrialisation and Fostering Innovation, Peace and Justice for all), and Partnerships as a means of achieving the SDGs. Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy:The study recommends that Qatar should leverage on the advantage of being World Cup hosts to achieve these sustainable Development Goals, and even more.

Inventing Traditions

2020 ◽  
pp. 93-123
Author(s):  
Geoff Harkness
Keyword(s):  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Nation Building ◽  
Athletic Participation ◽  
Family Values ◽  
Female Empowerment ◽  
Sporting Events ◽  
World Cup ◽  
Fifa World Cup ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Government

Mega sporting events, including the 2022 FIFA World Cup, align perfectly with Qatar’s economic agenda, which uses athletics as part of its nation-building ambitions. This chapter journeys through several sports worlds in Doha, where low-wage migrant workers are bused to soccer stadiums for televised games, so that it appears that the stands are filled with ardent fans, and where Kenyan runners are granted temporary Qatari citizenship in order to compete as natives. The government has spent a fortune to erect state-of-the-art facilities, host international sporting events, and send athletes to compete globally. Sports are also a primary platform for modern traditionalism’s motif of female empowerment. Despite these efforts, however, rates of women’s athletic participation remain in the single digits. Interviews with players, coaches, and spectators reveal the social processes underlying these dynamics. Finally, the chapter demonstrates how sportswomen overcome barriers to athletic participation by dynamically engaging with modern traditionalism, aligning their sports-related activities with empowerment, Islam, and family values.

International sporting events and human rights : does the host nation play fair?

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Zack Bowersox
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Sporting Events ◽  
World Cup ◽  
University Of Missouri ◽  
Sporting Event ◽  
International Rights ◽  
The Media ◽  
International Standing ◽  
The University ◽  
Positive Effect

[ACCESS RESTRICTED TO THE UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI AT REQUEST OF AUTHOR.] International sporting events like the Olympics and FIFA World Cup generate a great deal of attention for the athletes, the games, and for the nations that host these events. Hosting can be very prestigious for a nation, yet not all hosts are apt to be strict observers of international norms regarding human rights and human security. In these instances, the tourists who travel to see the event, and the media that broadcasts it, are better able to observe the poor behavior of a state who would rather use this opportunity to increase its international standing. Are host nations apt to improve their behavior for the sake of an international sporting event? Are they more responsive to the international criticism of their behavior when hosting an event? This research finds that states are in fact more responsive to international rights criticism, and, for the duration of the event are better observers of human rights. Yet, this positive effect is only apparent for the duration of the event.

scholarly journals Evaluating the impact of mega-sporting events on hotel pricing strategies: the case of the 2014 FIFA World Cup

2017 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 184-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albert A. Barreda ◽  
Sandra Zubieta ◽  
Han Chen ◽  
Marina Cassilha ◽  
Yoshimasa Kageyama
Keyword(s):  
Revenue Management ◽  
Sporting Events ◽  
Pricing Strategies ◽  
World Cup ◽  
Fifa World Cup ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Sporting Event ◽  
Hotel Performance ◽  
The Impact

PurposeThis study aims to examine the impact of a mega-sporting event “2014 FIFA World Cup” on hotel pricing strategies and performance. Design/methodology/approachThe present project examines the host regions’ response to the 2014 FIFA World Cup which was established by the variance in the main hotel key performance indexes: occupancy, average daily rate, revenue per available room (RevPAR) and supply. Using data gathered from STR, this research distinctly shows how the Brazilian host regions reacted to the World Cup. FindingsResults suggest that the key performance indicators of Brazil’s lodging sector reacted differently to the World Cup. Although all hosting cities experienced significant RevPAR growth because of the increase in hotel room rates during the event, the supply and occupancy performed differed from each city. Research limitations/implicationsResearch is limited to the case of hotel performance at the country level for mega-events. The study focused on the reaction of revenue managers in the Latin America context. Other contexts may generate different results. Practical implicationsThe study helps revenue managers to examine how the FIFA World Cup travel demand affected pricing strategies and revenue management practices in the Brazilian hotel sector in areas undergoing seasonal growths in overnight tourism. This study serves to inform hoteliers and practitioners about revenue management pricing strategies to improve hotel performance during mega-sporting events. Social implicationsThis study reveals that the benefits brought by a mega-event are not always translated into strong hotel revenue performance. This study highlights an important but understudied research area of revenue management pricing strategies and the effect of mega-sporting events in the hotel sector. This study contributes to the literature as one of the few investigations to benefit hotel pricing strategies and overall revenue performance. Originality/valueThis study is one of the few studies about exploring the reaction of revenue managers during the execution of a mega-sporting event. The value of the present study lies in the fact that the authors extend previous studies examining the impact of the most important sporting event in the hotel industry at the country-level perspective. This study serves to inform hoteliers and practitioners about revenue management pricing strategies to improve hotel performance during mega-sporting events.

Introduction

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Tamir Sorek ◽  
Danyel Reiche
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Middle East ◽  
The United States ◽  
Abu Dhabi ◽  
Sporting Events ◽  
World Cup ◽  
Fifa World Cup ◽  
The World ◽  
Global Affairs

Sports in the Middle East have become a major issue in global affairs: Qatar’s successful bid for the FIFA World Cup 2022 (won in a final vote against the United States), the 2005 UEFA Champions League Final in Turkey’s most populous city Istanbul, the European basketball championship EuroBasket in 2017 in Israel, and other major sporting events, such as the annually staged Formula 1 races in Bahrain and Abu Dhabi, have put an international spotlight on the region. In particular, media around the world are discussing the question of whether the most prestigious sporting events should be staged in a predominantly authoritarian, socially conservative, and politically contentious part of the world....

scholarly journals Leveraging the World Cup: Mega Sporting Events, Human Rights Risk, and Worker Welfare Reform in Qatar

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 221-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarath K. Ganji
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Welfare Reform ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Foreign Workers ◽  
Sporting Events ◽  
World Cup ◽  
Business And Human Rights ◽  
The World ◽  
Policy Proposals

Qatar will realize its decades-long drive to host a mega sporting event when, in 2022, the opening ceremony of the Fέdέration Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) World Cup commences. By that time, the Qatari government will have invested at least $200 billion in real estate and development projects, employing anywhere between 500,000 and 1.5 million foreign workers to do so. The scale of these preparations is staggering — and not necessarily positive. Between 2010 and 2013, more than 1,200 labor migrants working in Qatar's construction sector died, with another 4,000 deaths projected by the start of the event. Foreign workers are subject to conditions of forced labor, human trafficking, and indefinite detention. Advocacy groups cite deplorable living and working conditions, coupled with lax legal protections for workers, as the main culprits. Absent significant improvements in worker welfare, Qatar's World Cup will be remembered as a human rights tragedy. This article examines whether it is possible for Qatar's World Cup to forge a different legacy, as an agent of change on behalf of worker welfare reform. In examining the issue, the article takes a two-fold approach. First, it locates the policy problem of worker welfare abuses in the context of the migration life cycle. The migration life cycle represents the range of activities that mediate the relationship between an individual migrant and the labor migration system — from the time the migrant first considers working overseas to his employment abroad to his eventual return to the home country. An understanding of worker welfare abuses in Qatar does not begin or end with reports of migrant deaths. A much broader pattern of abuse exists that, if ignored, will undermine effective policy responses. Second, the article frames worker welfare as a matter that lies at the intersection of business and human rights. Mega events are large-scale, internationally recognized activities that aim to promote regional development and to advance universal values and principles. They also represent an important collaboration between stakeholders across sectors. The UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights, therefore, offer a framework for understanding how worker welfare reform might be in the interests of governmental and corporate actors alike. Ultimately, this paper outlines four policy proposals that may be undertaken by countries of origin, nongovernmental organizations, international organizations, and Qatari employers: (1) the development of a list of labor-supply agencies committed to ethical recruitment practices; (2) the devising of low-interest, preferential loans for migrants considering employment in Qatar; (3) the establishment of a resource center to serve as a one-stop shop for migrant information and services; and (4) the creation of training programs to aid migrants upon their return home. These options are not meant to diminish the role of the Qatari government in reform efforts, and indeed, the state can — and should — take steps to improve worker welfare, including strengthening worker welfare standards, closing labor law loopholes, and bolstering law enforcement capacity. But these measures are not enough. Therefore, the above four policy proposals put forward a process-specific, rather than actor-specific, approach to reform aimed at capitalizing on the spotlight of the World Cup to bring about lasting, positive change in Qatar's migrant labor practices.

scholarly journals Capacity of ZAECA in Conducting Research and Guidance to Fight Corruption in Zanzibar

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 803-809
Author(s):  
Shambuli Salum Meru ◽  
Nsubuga Haroonah
Keyword(s):  
Public Services ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
Case Study Research ◽  
Political Influence ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Undue Influence ◽  
The Government ◽  
Conducting Research ◽  
Auditor General

The main focus of this study is to examine the capacity of ZAECA in conducting research and guidance to fight corruption in Zanzibar. The study employed a descriptive case study research design. The target population of this study was employees in the Ministry of Public Services and Good Governance and its Commissions and Authorities including; ZAECA, Commission for Good Governance, Commission of Ethics in Public Services, Commission for Human Rights, Institute of Public Administration, Control Auditor General (CAG) and the office of Director of Public Prosecution (DPP). Judgmental sampling and simple random sampling techniques were used to select a sample size of 85 respondents. The study found that ZAECA does not have sufficient powers to effectively carry out its mandate and the respondents rated a moderate capacity in conducting research and guidance to fight corruption, human resources and independence. The study concludes that ZAECA does not have sufficient powers to effectively carry out its mandate and that ZAECA is not free from undue influence. Finally, the study recommended that the government should ensure that ZAECA is independent and autonomous by clearly delinking it from political influence.

scholarly journals The significance of mega sporting event on infrastructure development: A case of FIFA 2022 World Cup in Qatar

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 1295
Author(s):  
Khalifa Al-Dosari
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Sporting Events ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
World Cup ◽  
Fifa World Cup ◽  
Infrastructural Development ◽  
Sporting Event ◽  
Survey Questionnaires

This study sought to find how significant mega sporting events to a country are beneficial insofar as infrastructural development is concerned. The study used the 2022 FIFA World Cup in Qatar as the case study in reference. Various researches around the concept of infrastructure development due to mega sporting events were analysed in this study. The evidence of infrastructure development due to mega sporting events was also dissected and presented in the study. The research was conducted with the help of online survey questionnaires, and the data collected was analysed by using descriptive statistics as well as an OLS regression analysis. The variables measured were infrastructural developments in the country to find the significance of the 2022 FIFA World Cup. It was found that the 2022 World cup significantly affects the development of infrastructure in the country. It was therefore concluded that major sporting events are significant in the development of infrastructure of a country. It’s recommended that the research should be used for future references in the analysis of infrastructural changes due to major sporting events.

scholarly journals Soft Power and the 2022 World Cup in Qatar: Learning from Experiences of Past Mega-Sporting Event Hosts

تجسير ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-193
Author(s):  
Mehran Haghirian ◽  
Paulino Robles-Gil
Keyword(s):  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Soft Power ◽  
Sporting Events ◽  
World Cup ◽  
Winter Olympics ◽  
Sporting Event ◽  
London 2012 ◽  
The Status ◽  
Continuous Presence ◽  
Soccer Fields

The experiences of past hosts to mega sporting events like the Olympics, or FIFA World Cup games show that there are numerous ways in which countries can be both empowered or disempowered through their pursuit of soft power. Through a selective literature review, this paper uses the relevant soft power experiences of six countries who have hosted either the World Cup or Olympic Games from 2008. The cases include China (Beijing 2008 Olympics), South Africa (2010 World Cup), United Kingdom (London 2012 Olympics), Brazil (2014 World Cup and Rio de Janeiro 2016 Olympics), Russia (Sochi 2014 Winter Olympics, and 2018 World Cup), and Japan (Tokyo 2020 Olympics). The paper then considers Qatar’s 2022 World Cup with an angle on applying and adapting the experiences of past hosts to understand the soft empowerment or disempowerment that Qatar will likely face as a result of hosting the games. The numerous international concerns over the situation with migrant workers in Qatar, and the Islamic and cultural norms that are alien to Western audiences, will continue to challenge Qatar’s image management and branding measures. Nevertheless, the commitment to holding the most eco-friendly event, continuous presence on international soccer fields through sponsorships, ownerships, and winning championships, in addition to actively seeking to enhance and alleviate the status of the country on the global stage will help Doha in its soft empowerment endeavors in the period before and during the event. Its pledge and dedication to keeping a long-lasting legacy after December 2022 will also help the State in the post-event phase of soft empowerment.

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