Primjena okvira DPSIR za procjenu ekoloških problema s naglaskom na gospodarenje otpadom izazvano stacionarnim turizmom u Jadranskoj Hrvatskoj

Složenost turističkog sektora ogleda se u raznovrsnosti gospodarskih i socijalnih aktivnosti. Posljedično, njihova provedba smatra se pokretačima koji uzrokuju različite pritiske i utjecaje na okoliš. Osnovni preduvjet za praćenje napretka prema održivom upravljanju turizmom je kontinuirano praćenje podataka i sveobuhvatni okvir procjene, kao što je okvir DPSIR (pokretač-pritisak-stanje-utjecaj-odgovor, prema engl. Driver-Pressure-State-Impact-Response) (u nastavku tekst DPSIR). Među ekološkim izazovima DPSIR-a komunalni otpad kao posljedica turističkih aktivnosti identificiran je kao jedan od glavnih ekoloških izazova. U ovom istraživanju provedena je analiza utemeljena na dokazima odabranih pokazatelja kako bi se razmotrio DPSIR razvijen s naglaskom na održivo gospodarenje otpadom. Ovaj holistički pristup osigurava utemeljenu evaluaciju i odgovarajuće mjere kao odgovor društva na dugoročno rješavanje glavnih okolišnih izazova povezanih s intenzitetom turizma. Uz to, autori su istražili moguće smjerove za razvoj veće održivosti gospodarenja otpadom u turizmu Jadranske Hrvatske, uzimajući u obzir primjere dobre prakse na otoku Krku. Istraživanje i procjena odabranih pokazatelja potvrdila je da sezonalnost turizma utječe na okoliš. Također se pokazalo da visoki intenzitet turizma ima izravan utjecaj na infrastrukturu gospodarenja otpadom koja je uglavnom uspostavljena za ograničen broj stanovnika. Stoga autori predlažu umjereni intenzitet turizma kao najpovoljniju opciju, čime se osigurava održivo gospodarenje otpadom koji stvara manji pritisak na infrastrukturu gospodarenja otpadom i okoliš. Naposljetku, ovim je radom kreiran novi pokazatelj koji istražuje održivost gospodarenja komunalnim otpadom.

Povezanost površinske temperature more i površinske temperature zraka

Povezanost površinske temperature mora (PTM) i površinske temperature zraka (PTZ) izmjerene na malome otoku Hvaru (Jadransko more) ispituju se na godišnjim i mjesečnim vremenskim ljestvicama, koristeći se podacima za razdoblje od pedeset pet godina (1964. – 2018.). Analizirana su sljedeća tri indeksa PTM-a i PTZ-a: (1) apsolutni minimum, (2) srednja vrijednost, (3) apsolutni maksimum. Rezultati su istaknuli statistički značajan trend porasta za sva tri godišnja indeksa PTM-a. U slučaju PTZ-a trend niza apsolutnih minimalnih godišnjih vrijednosti nije statistički značajan. Za nizove srednjih i apsolutno maksimalnih godišnjih vrijednosti PTZ-a trend je statistički značajan na razini p < 0,01. Mjesečne analize indeksa PTM-a gotovo u svim mjesecima (osim u listopadu) imaju statistički značajne trendove povećanja. U slučaju PTZ-a, statistički značajan trend porasta svih analiziranih indeksa dogodio se preko ljeta (srpanj i kolovoz). Rezultati pokazuju da je analizirana regija, posebice mali jadranski otoci, ugrožena klimatskim promjenama, tj. globalnim zatopljenjem tijekom ljeta. Primjenom RAPS metode na minimalnom godišnjem PTM-u zabilježen je statistički značajni pomak 1988. godine. Deset godina poslije, 1998. godine, otkriven je statistički značajan pomak prema gore na srednjem i maksimalnom indeksu PTM-a i PTZ-a. U slučaju minimalnih godišnjih vrijednosti PTZ-a otkriven je statistički značajan pomak prema dolje, počevši od 1979. godine. U analiziranom slučaju otoka Hvara, zagrijavanje indeksa PTM-a veće je od zagrijavanje indeksa PTZ-a i događa se tijekom cijele godine (osim u listopadu).

Novi trendovi kamping turizma – glamping i obiteljski kampovi

U radu se iznosi pregled novih trendova u kamping turizmu Hrvatske i svijeta, s naglaskom na glamping i obiteljske kampove. Nakon povijesnog pregleda razvoja kamping i glamping turizma slijedi pregled stanja u kamping turizmu Hrvatske. Analizom postojeće znanstvene i stručne literature iznosi se pregled dosadašnjih istraživanja kamping i glamping turizma te problemi s kojima se istraživači kamping turizma susreću. U završnom dijelu rada naglasak je na predviđanjima znanstvenika o kamping turizmu. U radu su primijenjene metoda analize i sinteze, statistička metoda te metoda kompilacije. Zbog zrelosti ponude kamping turizam na Mediteranu doživljava značajne promjene, poput pojave glampinga kao luksuznog i cjenovno skupljeg oblika. Hrvatski kamping turizam, unatoč značajnom udjelu kampova u ukupnoj strukturi smještajnih kapaciteta, bilježi manjak istraživanja i autora koji se bave trendovima kamping turizma te obiteljima, ali i slabu iskorištenost domicilnih turista. Istarska županija istodobno bilježi porast broja kampista kao i potražnje za glampingom.

Pristupi vrednovanja krajobraza

Polazište za istraživanje ovoga rada je u širokom spektru metoda kojima se mogu vrednovati krajobrazne kvalitete. Svrha rada je utvrđivanje prednosti i nedostataka često korištenih pristupa za vrednovanje krajobraza. Na odabranom području istraživanja, otoku Rabu, radom je identificirano petnaest krajobraznih područja te su određena tri pristupa za vrednovanje kvaliteta krajobraza: 1. jedan temeljen isključivo na vrednovanju ranjivosti kvaliteta krajobraza, a dva na procjeni osjetljivosti krajobraza; 2. preklapanjem krajobraznih područja sa združenim modelom ranjivosti kvaliteta krajobraza i 3. izravnim vrednovanjem krajobraznih područja s prirodnog, kulturno-povijesnog i vizualno-doživljajnog aspekta. Navedeni pristupi međusobno su uspoređeni radi utvrđivanja sličnosti i razlika među njima, kao i ukazivanja na prednosti i nedostatke svakog od njih. Rezultati su pokazali da adekvatnost pristupa ovisi o odabiru homogene prostorne jedinice. Ispravni pristup odabiru kriterija vrednovanja može utjecati na objektivnost metode. Najviše kvalitete krajobraza utvrđene su na jednakim područjima neovisno o pristupu utvrđivanja navedenih kvaliteta.

METHODOLOGICAL APPROACHES IN RESEARCH ON URBAN GREEN SPACES IN THE CONTEXT OF COASTAL TOURISM DEVELOPMENT

Urban green spaces, especially those in the coastal areas, are of great and multiple importance for sustainable urban and tourism development. At the same time, they are endangered by excessive construction caused by the urbanisation process. Increased urbanisation occurs as the consequence of spatial expansion of the built-up land of coastal towns due to strong littoralisation processes, but also as a consequence of an increasing coastal tourism development. Scientific research on the connection between urbanisation and tourism is conducted in various scientific areas and disciplines, representing urban green spaces mainly in a wider context, rarely as immediate objects of research. Understanding and comparison of research results are made difficult due to non-standardised methodology and terminology applied in research. Therefore, the main purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of methods applied in research of urban green spaces and, on its grounds, to select methodological approaches applicable for geographic research on urban green spaces within the context of coastal tourism development. The meaning of “urban green space” and its relationship with tourism were defined. The subject of research, terminology and classification of urban green spaces, spatial and temporal context of research, applied methodology and interpretation of results were analysed. Two most frequent methodological approaches in urban green spaces research in the context of coastal tourism development were identified: a) Comparative spatio-temporal research of transformation of urban green space due to tourism development and b) Research on attitudes and perception of urban green space users within the context of tourism development. The identified approaches are applicable in geographic research of urban green spaces, and they are based on methodological background of the positivist and humanistic- behavioural approach in contemporary geography.

THE FIRST REPORT OF TRUFFLES (TUBER AESTIVUM VITTAD.) IN ZADAR COUNTY

True truffles (Tuber spp.) are among the most appreciated mushroom in gastronomy. Due to their particular taste and limited natural availability the price of these underground mushrooms is high. In Croatia, the most important presence of Tuber spp. was reported in Istria. Since seven to eight decades ago there have been stories of Zadar’s truffles which are transmitted orally from generation to generation but, till now, no written document that could confirm it has been found. In this study, truffles were searched for on different locations in Zadar County, the presumed truffles were harvested and molecular analyses were performed to identify them. The results undoubtedly show that the summer truffle, Tuber aestivum Vittad. is present in Zadar County.

STAMBENA INTEGRACIJA IMIGRANATA IZ BiH U HRVATSKOJ: PRIMJER GRADA ZAGREBA

This paper analyses the results of the research on housing integration as the important part of functional integration of most numerous immigrant group in Croatia – Croatian citizens who were born in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The analysed survey (CAPI) was conducted in 2014 in Sesvete, a district in the City of Zagreb, on a judgemental/purposive sample of 301 respondents. The aim of the paper is to analyse objective housing conditions (home ownership, housing quality, and neighbourhood) and subjective assessments of the indicators of housing integration of immigrants from BiH living in one of City of Zagreb. Mostly descriptive analyses were employed, complemented with selected tests of relations between two or more respondents’ characteristics and their estimations of housing standard and quality. While deriving conclusions from the obtained results, special attention was attached to the limitations of the sampling methods and specific characteristics of the target population of immigrants from BiH. Depending on the ethnic affiliation of immigrants, their language, history and cultural tradition are identical (for Croats) or very similar (Serbs and Bosniaks) to the majority population in the host country creating the circumstances and characteristics which make the process of integration easier in all of its aspects. The analysed indicators of housing integration and development of housing quality of immigrants included in the survey confirmed a high level of its successfulness. In all characteristics of housing: home ownership, type of dwelling (house or apartment) and infrastructural facilities, the immigrants from BiH do not differ from the total population of Croatia, while they are above average in size of total living area and number of rooms. Significant differences were obtained in regard to period and main reason of migration to Croatia. The analysis of comparative estimation of housing quality and general life standard in Zagreb in 2014 and in BiH in the period of migration showed that significant proportion of respondents (57%) considers their housing and living standard in Croatia to be better than if they stayed in BiH.

CHARACTERIZATION OF HEALTH-RELATED HOTEL PRODUCTS ON THE SLOVENIAN COAST

Health services in tourism are usually provided in hotels with complementary offers and centres without accommodation. The focus of this study is on hotels on the Slovenian coast, a traditional health destination. The research is aimed at the identification of hotels that offer health services in order to analyse and determine product clusters; the paper focuses only on the structure of the coastal health products through which providers generate revenue. A total of 25 up-scale, luxury and comfort hotels with health services were identified (population) and included in the analysis. Through qualitative comparative analysis, the following clusters of hotel health products were created: (1) medical therapy, (2) physical activities, (3) spiritual and mental activities, (4) psychological and physical relaxation. The results suggest that hotels should pay attention to constructing complete health-related products by putting more energy into the reinforcement of spiritual activities, and the typical local natural healing factors related to climate and sea. It is also necessary to point out that excessive commercialization should not obscure the primary purpose – to offer preventative and curative programmes to ensure health.