The social specificities of hostility toward vaccination against Covid-19 in France

Equal Access to the COVID-19 vaccine for all remains a major public health issue. The current study compared the prevalence of vaccination reluctance in general and COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and social and health factors associated with intentions to receive the vaccine. A random socio-epidemiological population-based survey was conducted in France in November 2020, in which 85,855 adults participants were included in this study. We used logistic regressions to study being "not at all in favor" to vaccination in general, and being "certainly not" willing to get vaccinated against Covid-19. Our analysis highlighted a gendered reluctance toward vaccination in general but even more so regarding vaccination against COVID-19 (OR = 1.88 (95% CI: 1.79–1.97)). We also found that people at the bottom of the social hierarchy, in terms of level of education, financial resources, were more likely to refuse the COVID-19 vaccine (from OR = 1.22 (95% CI:1.10–1.35) for respondents without diploma to OR = 0.52 (95% CI:0.47–0.57) for High school +5 or more years level). People from the French overseas departments, immigrants and descendants of immigrants, were all more reluctant to the Covid-19 vaccine (first-generation Africa/Asia immigrants OR = 1.16 (95% CI:1.04–1.30)) versus OR = 2.19 (95% CI:1.96–2.43) for the majority population). Finally, our analysis showed that those who reported not trusting the government were more likely to be Covid-19 vaccine-reluctant (OR = 3.29 (95% CI: 3.13–3.45)). Specific campaigns should be thought beforehand to reach women and people at the bottom of the social hierarchy to avoid furthering social inequalities in terms of morbidity and mortality.

relevance of the message of the Qur'an to the goals of national education

Indonesia has a Muslim majority population and has two sources of education that both improve the quality of its citizens' educational resources. The author believes that the two sources, namely the Koran and the national education law, have strong relevance. To prove this assumption, we have conducted a series of studies of educational literature on many literature data published in various educational journals, both national and international. We found the data source through an electronic search on many journals, books, and websites that actively discuss religious and national education issues. After the collection of literature, we further examined the data evaluation system involved in the coding of conclusions drawn after high interpretation to obtain data that answered questions validly and reliably. Based on the data and discussion, we find a high relevance between the messages in the Koran and the goals of national education in Indonesia. It is hoped that this finding will become an essential input for improving educational science that links religious messages and national education.

Religious Education Policy in Public Schools During the New Order

The new order government policy about religious education in state schools gradually led to an accommodative policy. If the old order government made religious education a facultative subject, then at the beginning of the new order the government strengthened the position of religious education by removing facultative provisions, even though they were not obligatory. Until finally, through Law number 2 (1989), the government required religious education to be taught in all channels, types, and levels of education. And the right of every student to get religious lessons by their religion and is taught by religious educators. This research includes historical research and policy studies, because it relies on past data, whose steps consist of four main activities, namely heuristics, verification, interpretation, and historiography. This accommodative policy is influenced by several factors, including; the government’s determination to implement Pancasila purely and consistently after it was diverted in the old order era; the weakening of the government’s power at that time so that it required the political support of muslims as the majority population; There is an intellectual transformation of muslim thinkers and political activists towards harmonious and complementary political relations between Islam and the state so that Islamic ideas are more easily accepted; and muslims experience a process of rapid social, educational, economic and political mobilization and so that more and more people are involved in government and can influence policies in a pro-muslim direction.

The Health Status and Healthcare Utilization of Ethnic Germans in Russia

Ethnic German resettlers from the former Soviet Union are one of the largest migrant groups in Germany. In comparison with the majority of the German population, resettlers exhibit worse subjective health and utilize fewer preventive measures. However, there is little evidence on health among ethnic Germans who remained in Russia. Hence, the objective of this study was to determine the differences in subjective health, diabetes, smoking, and utilization of health check-ups between ethnic Germans and the majority population in Russia. We used data from the Russian Longitudinal Monitoring Survey II from 1994 to 2018 (general population of Russia n = 41,675, ethnic Germans n = 158). Multilevel logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) adjusted for age, sex, period, and place of residence. Analyses were furthermore stratified by the periods 1994–2005 and 2006–2018. Ethnic Germans in Russia rated their health less often as good compared with the Russian majority population (OR = 0.67, CI = 0.48–0.92). Furthermore, ethnic Germans were more likely to smoke after 2006 (OR = 1.91, CI = 1.09–3.37). Lower subjective health among ethnic Germans in Russia is in line with findings among minority populations in Europe. Increased odds of smoking after 2006 may indicate the deteriorating risk behavior of ethnic Germans in Russia.

(Re)Production of Inequality in the School System? A Comparison of Croatia’s and Austria’s Concepts of Plurilingualism

In Croatia‘s and Austria’s educational systems, plurilingual students have long had the status of a priority group, and thus give us the impression of readiness in facing the "problem" of dynamics of society as the greatest challenge of all – whether as national minorities or students who, as refugees in accompanied or without parents, come to one of these countries in search of a better life. In both countries, concepts have been developed and laws aimed at integrating plurilingual children into regular classes as soon as possible, encouraging them to learn the language of the majority population first, while neglecting their backgrounds and the potential they carry. By reviewing and comparing concepts, laws, and regulations that deal with all aspects of the phenomenon of plurilingualism – from the structure and manner of distribution of plurilingual children in classrooms, through the training of teachers who teach them, to the image of them in society, the paper will try to answer the question to what extent these states are ready for the multi- and plurilingual reality that surrounds us.

Muslim Community in the Atmosphere of Populism in Norway

In the European nations, there has been a lot of discussions and arguments regarding the community who have a ‘migration background’. Migrants nowadays are more capable of competing against local residents in terms of looking for better employment and participating in the political activities in European countries. Consequently, it creates fear within ‘mainstream’ society since it is presumably able to threaten their way of life. This interesting moment can benefit the populist political parties for gaining voices from the majority population. But, in the aftermath of 22/7 terror attacks in Norway, it also created tension between locals and those who are considered having a ‘migration background’. The people who have migration background, especially Muslim community, already has long history of migration to Norway. Therefore, the research question is how the Muslim community adapt to the situation of populism in Norway. By using historical literatures and research articles regarding the aftermath of 22/7 terror attack, it shows that the intersectional approach is useful to see the intermingled aspects of class, identity, religion, nationality, gender, and ethnicity of marginalised communities. These migrants now are facing multiple discriminations. Protests in the public sphere as a way of adapting to the atmosphere of populism are considered as their struggles for citizenship since the government seems to fail at managing multicultural society, especially advocating the minority groups. This kind of situation is common in the era of populism emerging in many countries targeting minority groups as political manoeuvre in order to gain voices among the ‘common’ society.

An Intersectional Perspective on the Utilization of Cervical Cancer Screening among Migrants. A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Survey Data from Austria

In most European countries, migrant women have lower rates of cervical cancer screening utilization than non-migrant women. While studies have illustrated that disparities can be partially explained by social determinants, they usually did not take into account the heterogeneity of the migrant population in terms of cultural background or country of origin. Applying an intersectional approach and using 2019 data from a representative survey from Austria on 6228 women aged 20–69 years, the present study examines differences in the utilization of cervical cancer screening in the five largest migrant groups (i.e., individuals with a nationality from or born in a Yugoslav successor state, Turkey, Romania, Hungary, or Germany) residing in Austria. By means of a multivariable analysis, amongst others adjusted for socioeconomic and health-related determinants, it is illustrated that particularly Turkish migrant women have a lower utilization than the Austrian majority population (adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 0.60; 95% confidential interval (CI): 0.40–0.91), while no significant differences between the majority population and other groups of migrants became evident. The findings are indicative of the heterogeneity of migrants and likely result from different obstacles some groups of migrants encounter in the health system. This heterogeneity must be taken into account in order to support informed decision-making and to ensure adequate preventive care.

Perceptions about marine environmental issues by citizens who are mostly from Minas Gerais state (Brazil)

Despite the marine ecosystems’ importance, the anthropogenic actions have been impacting these environments negatively. However, these impacts could be mitigated through Environmental Education (EE), which is able to change behaviors that are harmful to the environment. This study aimed to describe environmental perception of the majority population in Minas Gerais state, in order to provide subsidies for marine environmental education's promotion. The methodology adopted was through questionnaire's application via Google forms. The studied subjects totaled 122 people over 18 years old, although they had conceptual domain, they showed an utilitarian tendency about marine resources.

MODERATION IN MANDAR PAPPASANG (A Study on law enforcement of Pappasang in Mandar, West Sulawesi)

<p>Mandar as one of Indonesian ethnic groups is the majority population in West Sulawesi Province. This ethnic group has an assimilated culture with Islamic teaching values, one of which can be found in Pappasang as advices that are spoken and taught from generation to generation. This study examines Pappasang related to law enforcement. The purpose of this study is to photograph the types of Pappasang in Mandar and examine Pappasang related to law enforcement. This research is a qualitative descriptive. The data were obtained through interviews, observation, and documentation. The study showed that there were many types of Pappasang found in Mandar, such as those related to agreements, law enforcement, unity, leadership, maintaining the trust, solidarity, transparency, accountability, foresight, and so on. As for Pappasang related to law enforcement in Mandar showed many statements. One of them stated that the law is not biased towards children, family, friends or others. All are equal before the law.</p>

Alzheimer’s Disease Among American Minority Populations: An Ecological Exploratory Study

A significant public health concern with regards to increasing rates of Alzheimer’s is that it disproportionately affects minority groups in the United States. The present ecological exploratory study uses secondary aggregate data from the fifty United States in the year of 2019. The purpose of this study was to address the disparities in Alzheimer’s in minority populations in the US and explore associated factors. The “minority” populations considered were African American and Latino populations, and the “majority” population was referred to as “white”. The data was extracted from the United States Census Bureau, the CDC National Center for Health Statistics, and the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) Dataset. The prevalence rates of Alzheimer’s disease are greatest in both older Latinos (12.2%) and African Americans (13.8%), compared to older whites (10.3%) in the investigated time period. Our results showed that being over 65 years old (p=.009), with a below-average ($62,843) median household income (p=.024), history of stroke (p=.029), and being a part of the Latino population (p=.036), were significantly associated with Alzheimer’s mortality rates in the United States. By identifying disparities in access to Alzheimer’s healthcare and at-risk communities, more comprehensive intervention strategies can be developed to promote change and advocate for more Alzheimer’s education and resource allocation for minority populations.