Imbabura and Chimborazo at the cradle of Biogeography in the South American Andes

The present contribution is a comprehensive review of the status of biodiversity of freshwater zooplankton of Uttarakhand Himalaya. Uttarakhand harbours a wide diversity in freshwater habitats in terms of rapids, riffles, runs, cascades of falls and pools of rivers and streams and the shallow and swift water of springs and lentic waters of lakes, ponds and reservoirs with varied physico-chemical environmental variables. Freshwater zooplankton of Uttarakhand are composed of the taxa of Protozoa, Rotifera, Copepoda, Cladocera and Ostrocoda. Ritifera contributes maximum (40.50%) with thirty two species followed by Protozoa (22.78%) with eighteen species and Cladocera (22.78%) with eighteen species to the total zooplankton taxa of Uttarakhand. Copepoda contributes 8.86% with seven species, while minimum contribution (5.08%) with only four species is made by Ostracoda to the total zooplankton taxa of Uttarakhand. Seasonal variation in the abundance of zooplankton in addition to diurnal vertical migration in diverse freshwater habitats of Uttarakhand Himalayahas also been reported.

Imbabura and Chimborazo at the cradle of Biogeography in the South American Andes

The biogeographic profiles produced between 1802 and 1803 by Alexander von Humboldt and Francisco José de Caldas can be postulated as synchronous, though dissimilar, infographics, centered respectively on two volcanoes in Ecuador: Imbabura and Chimborazo. This short article presents documentary and iconographic evidence to support this appreciation.