Macrophyte diversity in rivers and streams of the Vologda Region and several other regions of Russia

The data paper contains the authors’ materials on the diversity of macrophytes, macroscopic plants regardless of their taxonomic position, in rivers and streams of East European Russia and Western Siberia. These data, collected on 247 rivers and 32 streams in 13 administrative regions of the Russian Federation, were provided as an occurrence dataset presented in the form of GBIF-mediated data. The main portion of the data was obtained in water objects of the Vologda Region (5201 occurrences). In addition, occurrences from the Arkhangelsk Region (347 occurrences), Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug (159), Yaroslavl Region (132), Novgorod Region (97), Kostroma Region (41), Republic of Karelia (31), Sverdlovsk Region (29), Komi Republic (28), Orenburg Region (26), Chelyabinsk Region (22), Voronezh Region (22) and Tyumen Region (18) were given. The studies were carried out mainly in the southern and middle taiga and, to a lesser extent, in the northern taiga and the forest-steppe. The analysed watercourses belong to five drainage basins: the Azov Sea, the Baltic Sea, the White Sea, the Caspian Sea and the Kara Sea. The dataset contains materials on the diversity of Plantae (6094 occurrences) and Chromista (59 occurrences). This paper, in a standardised form, summarises mostly unpublished materials on the biodiversity of lotic ecosystems. The paper summarises the data obtained in long-term studies of phytodiversity in a range of rivers and streams of East European Russia and, fragmentarily, Western Siberia. A total of 6153 occurrences were included in the dataset. According to the GBIF taxonomic backbone, the dataset comprises 292 taxa, including 280 lower-rank taxa (species, subspecies, varieties) and 12 taxa identified to the genus level. All the occurrences are published openly through the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) for the first time. Most of the data were stored in field diaries and, thus, by adding the data in GBIF, we believe that other researchers could benefit from it.

A Review of Quantifying pCO2 in Inland Waters with a Global Perspective: Challenges and Prospects of Implementing Remote Sensing Technology

The traditional field-based measurements of carbon dioxide (pCO2) for inland waters are a snapshot of the conditions on a particular site, which might not adequately represent the pCO2 variation of the entire lake. However, these field measurements can be used in the pCO2 remote sensing modeling and verification. By focusing on inland waters (including lakes, reservoirs, rivers, and streams), this paper reviews the temporal and spatial variability of pCO2 based on published data. The results indicate the significant daily and seasonal variations in pCO2 in lakes. Rivers and streams contain higher pCO2 than lakes and reservoirs in the same climatic zone, and tropical waters typically exhibit higher pCO2 than temperate, boreal, and arctic waters. Due to the temporal and spatial variations of pCO2, it can differ in different inland water types in the same space-time. The estimation of CO2 fluxes in global inland waters showed large uncertainties with a range of 1.40–3.28 Pg C y−1. This paper also reviews existing remote sensing models/algorithms used for estimating pCO2 in sea and coastal waters and presents some perspectives and challenges of pCO2 estimation in inland waters using remote sensing for future studies. To overcome the uncertainties of pCO2 and CO2 emissions from inland waters at the global scale, more reliable and universal pCO2 remote sensing models/algorithms will be needed for mapping the long-term and large-scale pCO2 variations for inland waters. The development of inverse models based on dissolved biogeochemical processes and the machine learning algorithm based on measurement data might be more applicable over longer periods and across larger spatial scales. In addition, it should be noted that the remote sensing-retrieved pCO2/the CO2 concentration values are the instantaneous values at the satellite transit time. A major technical challenge is in the methodology to transform the retrieved pCO2 values on time scales from instant to days/months, which will need further investigations. Understanding the interrelated control and influence processes closely related to pCO2 in the inland waters (including the biological activities, physical mixing, a thermodynamic process, and the air–water gas exchange) is the key to achieving remote sensing models/algorithms of pCO2 in inland waters. This review should be useful for a general understanding of the role of inland waters in the global carbon cycle.

Perception of the Vulnerability and the Resilience Status of Local Economic Enterprises: The Case Study of the Sao Joao Do Lago Do Tupe Community

The traditional inhabitants of the Amazon settled on the banks of the several rivers and streams that cut through the forest, and from there they take their daily livelihood through hunting, fishing and handicrafts made from the materials found around them. The actions of protection, preservation, care and conservation are imperative to guarantee the survival of the place. Especially when disruptive events affect the local balance, such as the effects of climate change or the economic and health crises, such as the COVID pandemic19. By restricting the movement of people to avoid contagion and the spread of the disease, it also restricted the spectrum of daily activities for a good portion of the population, which caused disruption in the system. Based on semi-open interview techniques and direct observation of economic entrepreneurs, the São João do Lago do Tupé riverside community, located in the Tupé Development Reserve, Manaus, Amazonas, the study aims to analyze the perception of the vulnerability of these enterprises in the market, finance, organization and cooperation dimensions and assess the state of resilience in the face of the adverse conditions that may reach them.

FIRST DATA ON CADDISFLIES (TRICHOPTERA) FROM THE MOUNTAINOUS SHORIA IN WESTERN SIBERIA

An annotated list of 29 species from 18 genera and 10 families of Trichoptera inhabiting rivers and streams of the Mountainous Shoria is given. All species are recorded from this region for the first time. Two species, Dicosmoecus obscuripennis Banks, 1938 and Rhyacophila lata Martynov, 1918, are new for Western Siberia. Moreover, Mountainous Shoria is the westernmost locality for Rhyacophila narvae Navas, 1926, Neophylax ussuriensis (Martynov, 1914), and Stenopsyche griseipennis (McLachlan, 1866) distribution.

Hydrologic analysis of field delineated ordinary high water marks for rivers and streams

Streamflow influences the distribution and organization of high water marks along rivers and streams in a landscape. The federal definition of ordinary high water mark (OHWM) is defined by physical and vegetative field indicators that are used to identify inundation extents of ordinary high water levels without any reference to the relationship between streamflow and regulatory definition. Streamflow is the amount, or volume, of water that moves through a stream per unit time. This study explores regional characteristics and relationships between field-delineated OHWMs and frequency-magnitude streamflow metrics derived from a flood frequency analysis. The elevation of OHWM is related to representative constant-level discharge return periods with national average return periods of 6.9 years using partial duration series and 2.8 years using annual maximum flood frequency approaches. The range in OHWM return periods is 0.5 to 9.08, and 1.05 to 11.01 years for peaks-over-threshold and annual maximum flood frequency methods, respectively. The range of OHWM return periods is consistent with the range found in national studies of return periods related to bankfull streamflow. Hydraulic models produced a statistically significant relationship between OHWM and bank-full, which reinforces the close relationship between the scientific concept and OHWM in most stream systems.

APPLICATION GIS AND REMOTE SENSINGTO ESTABLISH FLASH FLOOD HAZARD MAP IN TUYEN QUANG PROVINCE

Tuyen Quang is one of the provinces at high risk of flash floods in the Northern Midlands and Mountains of Vietnam. In the rainy season, like other localities in the region, Tuyen Quang has a long, concentrated rainfall combined with steep hills and mountains, large divisions, many rivers, and streams; In addition, the thinning of the vegetation cover due to excessive exploitation of the forest by the local people causes flash floods to appear more and more. Applying GIS and remote sensing to establish a map of flash flood risk is a quantitative approach and high reliability. This article has established a flash flood hazard map at a scale of 1/100,000 in Tuyen Quang province. In the map database, districts with a high risk of flash flood were identified, including Na Hang, Chiem Hoa, Ham Yen, and Lam Binh, the average flash flood hazard level included districts: Yen Son, Son Duong; Tuyen Quang city has a low risk of flash floods.

Bacterial and Bacteriophage Antibiotic Resistance in Marine Bathing Waters in Relation to Rivers and Urban Streams

Fecal pollution of surface water may introduce bacteria and bacteriophages harboring antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) into the aquatic environment. Watercourses discharging into the marine environment, especially close to designated bathing waters, may expose recreational users to fecal pollution and therefore may increase the likelihood that they will be exposed to ARGs. This study compares the bacterial and bacteriophage ARG profiles of two rivers (River Tolka and Liffey) and two small urban streams (Elm Park and Trimleston Streams) that discharge close to two marine bathing waters in Dublin Bay. Despite the potential differences in pollution pressures experienced by these waterways, microbial source tracking analysis showed that the main source of pollution in both rivers and streams in the urban environment is human contamination. All ARGs included in this study, blaTEM, blaSHV, qnrS, and sul1, were present in all four waterways in both the bacterial and bacteriophage fractions, displaying a similar ARG profile. We show that nearshore marine bathing waters are strongly influenced by urban rivers and streams discharging into these, since they shared a similar ARG profile. In comparison to rivers and streams, the levels of bacterial ARGs were significantly reduced in the marine environment. In contrast, the bacteriophage ARG levels in freshwater and the marine were not significantly different. Nearshore marine bathing waters could therefore be a potential reservoir of bacteriophages carrying ARGs. In addition to being considered potential additional fecal indicators organism, bacteriophages may also be viewed as indicators of the spread of antimicrobial resistance.