Lietuvos valdovų Gedimino ir Algirdo prigimtinio teisingumo doktrina tarptautinių santykių aspektu

This article seeks to explore the notion of justice in the letters of grand dukes Gediminas (1316–1341) and Algirdas (1345–1377) of Lithuania. To provide the right context, use is made of studies of late medieval political ideas. This comparative investigation has been carried out in order to identify schools of Latin medieval political thought that share common ground with what we might call a Lithuanian version of natural justice. On the other hand, an attempt is made to identify views of political life and cultural interaction that represent a stark contrast with the principles of Christian and non-Christian coexistence expressed in the letters of the abovementioned Lithuanian pagan rulers. KEYWORDS: Gediminas, Algirdas, political culture, justice, Lithuania, medieval Europe, Byzantium.

Romos katalikų dvasininkų tarnybos prasižengimų samprata ir praktika Šiaurės vakarų krašte (po 1863–1864 m. sukilimo – iki XX a. pradžios)

ANNOTATION. This article analyses the concept of the official misconduct of the Roman Catholic clergy in the sphere of the civil authorities in the so-called Northwest region (which comprised the dioceses of Vilnius and Samogitia [Telšiai]) in the decades from the Uprising uf 1863–1864 to the beginning of the 20th century. It also dwells on the legal situation of Catholic clergymen, and the practice of their punishment that developed after the January Uprising. A more detailed inquiry into the ways clergymen were punished for their official misconduct is aimed at disclosing not only the attitude of the civil government towards the clergy, but also the social standing of the clergymen in the society of those times, and the attitude towards their duties. KEYWORDS: Roman Catholic clergy, Russian Empire, dioceses of Samogitia (Telšiai) and Vilnius, official misconduct.

„Pilkoji zona“ Lietuvos gyventojų repatriacijos ir filtravimo sistemoje 1944–1952 m.

ANNOTATION. This article analyses the Soviet system of repatriation of Lithuanian citizens from the Third Reich, and the verification of their political credibility (filtration) in the Lithuanian SSR in 1944–1952. It aims to establish how people managed to come back and elude repatriation institutions and compulsory filtration procedures, how many people returned in this way, how they managed to adapt to the system, and how this group of people was treated by the regime’s internal affairs and security agencies. KEYWORDS: repatriation, filtration, war refugees, Soviet repatriation policy, verificationfiltration committees.

Vokiečių masonų karinės ložės Lietuvoje 1916–1918 metais

ANNOTATION. The article offers a brief overview of German military Masonic lodges, their origin, evolution, and the attitude towards the war, which were known to foster humanistic principles. Two military lodges, the German Guard on the River Nemunas (Deutsche Wacht an der Memel), and Vilnius for the Flaming Sword (Wilna zum Flammenden Schwert), which operated in present-day Lithuania from 1916 to 1918, are subjected to a detailed analysis. The aim of the study is to offer some information about the two specific and little-known branches of the German Freemasonry on the foreign soil. KEYWORDS: First World War, Vilnius, Kaunas, Freemasons, military lodges.

Lietuvos Didžiosios Kunigaikštystės rusėniški regionai – tarp Rytų ir Vidurio rytų Europos

ANNOTATION. It is said in historiography that when the core lands of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania became Christian in 1387, the Europeanisation process started in the state. But little account is taken of the differences between its political nucleus and the peripheral regions, which consisted of Ruthenian lands. The article investigates whether the Europeanisation process in the Ruthenian lands of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania really started after 1387. It also aims to find out which European region or regions those lands could be assigned to. For this, it seeks to clarify in the article how Europe was understood in the 13th to 16th centuries, and what kind of changes took place in the Ruthenian lands of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania during that time. KEYWORDS: Grand Duchy of Lithuania, Kievan Rus’, Europe, Europeanisation, westernisation.