A Basic View of Solid State Electronics

Solid State Electronics includes the study and development of a large class of devices which are replacing vacuum tube techniques and revolutionizing the applications of electrical engineering. The most famous member of this new family of devices is the transistor. All of us are influenced by these developments right in our homes since all modern radio and television sets use the transistor as a basic element. The success of our space effort is largely due to the advances in solid state electronics. Virtually all industries, including the citrus industry, have felt the impact of these developments in making available whole new concepts in instrumentation, control devices, and computers. The future possibilities are unlimited. Already we are seeing the expression of solid state electronics in a whole new concept of design and manufacture called microelectronics. Although one does not need to understand the theory of solid state electronics to enjoy the fruits of the developments, I thought it would be interesting to you to have a brief basic view of a subject which is having a significant impact on the citrus industry. Paper published with permission.

Waste Heat Recovery From Feed Mill Dryers

At your citrus processing plant I am sure that you or one of your management team raise quite a noise when your boiler house sends up a pretty white feather of steam. You know that wasted steam is wasted money. Paper published with permission.

Storage and Handling of Dried Citrus Pulp

Dried citrus pulp is an important by-product of the citrus processing industry. It is a bulky, granular, carbohydrate concentrate livestock feed produced by drying the peel, seed, and rag refuse of citrus fruit. Approximately 324,159 tons of citrus pulp were produced in 1964–65 (2). This amount will probably increase by more than 60 percent during the next 10 years, since the orange crop is expected to increase from the 1964–65 estimate of 83,000,000 boxes to 183,000,000 by 1975 with 80 percent of the oranges being processed (7). The 1975 grapefruit crop is expected to be 30,000,000 boxes with over one-half being processed. These increases in citrus production could mean that by 1975 over 650,000 tons of dried pulp would be produced in the State. Paper published with permission.

Interpretation of Present Florida Pollution Control Regulations

Traditionally handled at state and local levels, pollution of waters is, in effect, now largely directed by the Federal government. However, the Federal administrators are seeking the joint involvement of State governments in controlling pollution through the device of State laws and river compacts — the latter; of course, applying to river basins involving several States or where States have a mutual boundary in a river. The chronology of the Federal legislation starts with the Water Pollution Control Act of 1948. It was limited in scope when it was fully implemented, and the government’s real role was still confined by the Rivers and Harbors Act of 1899, the Public Health Service Act of 1912, and the Oil Pollution Control Act of 1924. The amendments to the Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1956 established a basic policy that water pollution problems are best solved at the local level. Grants were made to States and interstate agencies for water pollution control activities and grants for waste treatment plant construction. Purposes were limited and a complicated system of Federal controls resulted. The Act was further amended in 1961 to extend Federal pollution abatement authority to all interstate and navigable waters in construction grants and encouraged the research activity. Paper published with permission.

Unitized Distribution Systems

Good Morning, Gentlemen, it’s a pleasure being here with you. In fact, I might even say it’s truly a joy for me because I personally am attracted to your State of Florida very much. With all its industrial growth and beaches and bikinis, not to mention Don Metzger’s typically beautiful weather, who wouldn’t be attracted? Paper published with permission.

Data Processing From the Field to the Supermarkets

In the Citrus Industry, where production and distribution problems are compounded by product perishability, mechanized data processing systems are helping organizations to operate more efficiently and to reap greater profits. Paper published with permission.

Canned Chilled Juice

The title of this talk was chosen deliberately to avoid possible confusion with the present canned single strength orange juice. However, the term “chilled juice” may disappear with the adoption of the new U. S. standards for “pasteurized orange juice”. If the processors adopt the recommendations of the Florida Canners Association Sub-Committee on juice quality standards, regular canned juice will be greatly improved. The cooling to not over 50° F. and storage at 50° F. maximum, along with an increase of the minimum brix to 11° and minimum Brix-acid ratio to 12 for Grade A, would result in substantial improvement in average quality. Paper published with permission.