Metastatic Carcinoma in the Central Nervous System and Dorsal Root Ganglia

JAMA ◽  
1963 ◽  
Vol 184 (10) ◽  
pp. 213
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Dorsal Root Ganglia ◽  
Dorsal Root ◽  
Metastatic Carcinoma ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Su1934 Activation Status of the Central Nervous System and Lumbar Dorsal Root Ganglia in a Mouse Model of Polymicrobial Abdominal Septic Ileus

2016 ◽  
Vol 150 (4) ◽  
pp. S592-S593
Author(s):  
Sara Nullens ◽  
Steven Deleye ◽  
Joris De Man ◽  
Sven M. Francque ◽  
Steven Staelens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Mouse Model ◽  
Dorsal Root Ganglia ◽  
Dorsal Root ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Activation Status

scholarly journals Microtubule-associated protein 2 within axons of spinal motor neurons: associations with microtubules and neurofilaments in normal and beta,beta'-iminodipropionitrile-treated axons.

1985 ◽  
Vol 100 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
S C Papasozomenos ◽  
L I Binder ◽  
P K Bender ◽  
M R Payne
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Peripheral Nervous System ◽  
Dorsal Root Ganglia ◽  
Motor Neurons ◽  
Dorsal Root ◽  
Spinal Motor Neurons ◽  
Spinal Motor ◽  
The Central Nervous System

We have examined the distribution of microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2) in the lumbar segment of spinal cord, ventral and dorsal roots, and dorsal root ganglia of control and beta,beta'-iminodipropionitrile-treated rats. The peroxidase-antiperoxidase technique was used for light and electron microscopic immunohistochemical studies with two monoclonal antibodies directed against different epitopes of Chinese hamster brain MAP2, designated AP9 and AP13. MAP2 immunoreactivity was present in axons of spinal motor neurons, but was not detected in axons of white matter tracts of spinal cord and in the majority of axons of the dorsal root. A gradient of staining intensity among dendrites, cell bodies, and axons of spinal motor neurons was present, with dendrites staining most intensely and axons the least. While dendrites and cell bodies of all neurons in the spinal cord were intensely positive, neurons of the dorsal root ganglia were variably stained. The axons of labeled dorsal root ganglion cells were intensely labeled up to their bifurcation; beyond this point, while only occasional central processes in dorsal roots were weakly stained, the majority of peripheral processes in spinal nerves were positive. beta,beta'-Iminodipropionitrile produced segregation of microtubules and membranous organelles from neurofilaments in the peripheral nervous system portion and accumulation of neurofilaments in the central nervous system portion of spinal motor axons. While both anti-MAP2 hybridoma antibodies co-localized with microtubules in the central nervous system portion, only one co-localized with microtubules in the peripheral nervous system portion of spinal motor axons, while the other antibody co-localized with neurofilaments and did not stain the central region of the axon which contained microtubules. These findings suggest that (a) MAP2 is present in axons of spinal motor neurons, albeit in a lower concentration or in a different form than is present in dendrites, and (b) the MAP2 in axons interacts with both microtubules and neurofilaments.

scholarly journals Lack of Adrenomedullin in the Central Nervous System Results in Apparently Paradoxical Alterations on Pain Sensitivity

Endocrinology ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 151 (10) ◽  
pp. 4908-4915 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana P. Fernández ◽  
Julia Serrano ◽  
Ricardo Martínez-Murillo ◽  
Alfredo Martínez
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Dorsal Root Ganglia ◽  
Dorsal Root ◽  
Pain Sensitivity ◽  
Spinal Reflexes ◽  
Related Peptide ◽  
Calcitonin Gene ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Adrenomedullin (AM) is a regulatory peptide, coded by the adm gene, which is involved in numerous physiological processes, including pain sensitivity. Previous studies have shown that intrathecal injection of AM induced hyperalgesia in the rat. Here, we explore pain sensitivity in a mouse conditional knockout for adm in neurons of the central nervous system, including the spinal cord and dorsal root ganglia. Double immunofluorescence in wild-type (WT) animals shows that AM immunoreactivity is found in calcitonin gene-related peptide-positive neurons of the dorsal root ganglia but not in neurons that bind isolectin B4. Mice lacking adm had modified expression of canonical sensorial neuropeptides, having significantly more calcitonin gene-related peptide and less substance P and enkephalin than their WT littermates. Furthermore, the spinal cord of adm knockout mice expressed higher levels of the AM receptor components, suggesting a compensation attempt to deal with the lack of afferent AM signaling. Behavioral nociceptive tests also found differences between genotypes. In the tail-flick test, which measures mostly spinal reflexes, the adm-null animals had a longer latency than their WT counterparts. On the other hand, in the hotplate test, which requires encephalic processing, mice lacking adm had shorter latencies than normal littermates. These results suggest that AM acts as a nociceptive modulator in spinal reflexes, whereas it may have an analgesic function at higher cognitive levels. This study confirms the important role of AM in pain sensitivity processing but unveils a more complex scenario than previously surmised.

The organization of the atrial nervous system of amphioxus ( Branchiostoma lanceolatum (Pallas))

1961 ◽  
Vol 243 (704) ◽  
pp. 241-269 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Sensory Neurons ◽  
Dorsal Root ◽  
Sensory Cell ◽  
Branchiostoma Lanceolatum ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Feeding Process ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Peripheral Sensory

The Acrania possess an histologically complex peripheral nervous system, the atrial nervous system, lying just under the epithelium lining the atrium and covering the various organs within it. The system contains both sensory and motor components, and is especially rich in peripheral sensory cell bodies. It is in connexion with the central nervous system by way of the dorsal root nerves. Most of the motor axons entering the system pass to the cross-striated pterygial muscle flooring the atrium, others pass to the cross-striated trapezius muscles, and there is also a large ciliarymotor component, which controls the action of the lateral ciliary tracts of the gill bars. Unipolar sensory neurons are abundant upon the surface of the pterygial muscle, and are also found upon the parietal walls of the atrium. Multipolar sensory neurons are abundant upon the foregut and its diverticulum. The hindgut (outside the atrium) is more sparsely innervated, but occasional multipolar sensory neurons occur there. The multipolar neurons of the foregut and diverticulum appear to be in connexion one with another asynaptically, but their axons pass to the central nervous system. Similar sensory neurons of several types are found in the richly innervated atrio-coelomic funnels. The function of the atrial nervous system is not yet entirely understood, but it is probable that it is mainly concerned with the regulation of the feeding process, and with spawning. It is concluded that the system is not evidently homologous with the ‘sympathetic’ systems of the craniates, and that it is unwise at present to attempt to homologize the visceral nervous systems of the two groups.

Synaptic Relations in the Atrial Nervous System of Amphioxus

1958 ◽  
Vol s3-99 (46) ◽  
pp. 243-261
Author(s):  
QUENTIN BONE
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Dorsal Root ◽  
Nerve Cells ◽  
Nerve Fibres ◽  
Nerve Bundles ◽  
Analogous Manner ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Dorsal Nerve

A detailed description of the system of peripheral nerve-cells upon the gut and diverticulum of amphioxus (Branchiostoma) is given; it is shown experimentally by means of degeneration experiments that these cells are connected with the central nervous system by their own axons, which run in the dorsal-root nerves. The form and connexion of the cells are described, special attention is paid to the problems of the multinucleate cells in the plexus, and to the occurrence of possible asynaptic connexion between neighbouring nerve-cells. No sheath-cells have been observed upon the peripheral nerve-fibres, either within the atrial plexus or upon the dorsal-root nerve bundles; earlier misinterpretations of the nuclei of the cells of the epineurium around the dorsal nerve bundles are discussed. The origin of the atrial system in ontogeny is discussed; it is suggested that it arises in an analogous manner to the enteric plexuses of vertebrates, by outgrowth from the central nervous system. The part that this system of nerve-cells plays in the life of the animal is not known. Finally, the relation of this system of cells to that found upon the guts of other groups of animals is discussed, and it is concluded that the system is not homologous with the enteric systems of nerve-cells in the vertebrates.

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