Anti-breast carcinoma effects of green synthesized nickel nanoparticles from Alhagi ‎sparsifolia leaf aqueous extract: A pre-clinical trial study ‎

IntroductionMany nanoparticles have pharmacological and biochemical properties, including antioxidant and anti-‎inflammatory properties, which appear to be involved in anticarcinogenic and antimutagenic activities. In the recent study, nickel nanoparticles were green-synthesized using the Alhagi sparsifolia leaf aqueous ‎extract. ‎Material and methodsThe synthesized Ni nanoparticles‎ were characterized by analytical techniques including SEM, UV-Vis., and FT-‎IR. The nanoparticles were formed in a spherical shape in the average size of 16.19 nm. ‎ResultsIn the antioxidant test, the IC50 of Ni nanoparticles‎ and BHT against DPPH free radicals were 316 and 231 ‎‎µg/mL, respectively. In the cellular and molecular part of the recent study, the treated cells with Ni ‎nanoparticles‎ were assessed by MTT assay for 48h about the cytotoxicity and anti-human breast cancer ‎properties on normal (HUVEC) and breast cancer cell lines i.e. lobular carcinoma of breast (UACC-3133), ‎inflammatory carcinoma of the breast (UACC-732), and metastatic carcinoma (MDA-MB-453). The viability of ‎malignant breast cell line reduced dose-dependently in the presence of Ni nanoparticles‎. The IC50 of Ni ‎nanoparticles‎ were 477, 548, and 605 µg/mL against lobular carcinoma of breast (UACC-3133), inflammatory ‎carcinoma of the breast (UACC-732), and metastatic carcinoma (MDA-MB-453) cell lines, respectively. ‎ConclusionsAfter clinical study, nickel nanoparticles containing Alhagi sparsifolia leaf aqueous extract may be used to ‎formulate a new chemotherapeutic drug or supplement to treat the several types of human breast cancer. ‎

Occult Disseminated Metastatic Breast Carcinoma Presenting as Acquired Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura

Cancer-related microangiopathic hemolytic anemia (MAHA) is a rare and life-threatening condition. We present a patient who had been treated for invasive lobular breast carcinoma in clinical remission with fever and hemolytic anemia. The peripheral blood film showed MAHA and thrombocytopenia, and a functional deficiency of ADAMTS13 activity of 23% consistent with acquired thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. Bone marrow aspirate and trephine biopsy confirmed metastatic carcinoma. Further evaluation revealed the involvement of multiple bone sites without recurrence of the primary tumor. The patient received a daily plasma exchange with cryosupernatant and was pulsed with corticosteroids. MAHA related to breast cancer appears to be a rare occurrence.

Metastasis of clear cell renal cell carcinoma to the larynx

Renal clear cell metastatic carcinoma of the larynx is an extremely rare diagnosis with poor survival. The objective of this short review is to provide insight into current state of literature on this rare neoplasm. Additionally we include the case of a patient with metastatic process of the thyroid cartilage that was treated with novel targeted therapies which enabled prolonged survival and good quality of life. These findings support their inclusion in treatment protocols of patients with metastatic renal clear cell carcinoma of the larynx, especially in those refusing surgery which is the main treatment option in literature so far.

Large Bowel Obstruction Caused by Metastatic Prostate Cancer: A Case Report

Bowel obstruction is a frequently encountered condition worldwide that causes numerous admissions to hospitals. Metastatic carcinoma has been identified as one of the infrequently encountered causes of bowel obstruction. Prostate cancer typically metastasizes to lymph nodes, bone, lungs, liver, and brain. In this article, we reported the case of a 75-year-old man who presented with bowel obstruction due to narrowing and stricture of the rectum. Primary rectal mass was initially diagnosed, but upon further investigation, it was found that the mass resembled prostate tissue. The bowel obstruction was managed surgically with a colostomy. The patient was later referred to oncology for chemotherapy and hormonal therapy.

Circadian Alterations Increase with Progression in a Patient-Derived Cell Culture Model of Breast Cancer

Circadian rhythm disruption can elicit the development of various diseases, including breast cancer. While studies have used cell lines to study correlations between altered circadian rhythms and cancer, these models have different genetic backgrounds and do not mirror the changes that occur with disease development. Isogenic cell models can recapitulate changes across cancer progression. Hence, in this study, a patient-derived breast cancer model, the 21T series, was used to evaluate changes to circadian oscillations of core clock protein transcription as cells progress from normal to malignant states. Three cell lines were used: H16N2 (normal breast epithelium), 21PT (atypical ductal hyperplasia), and 21MT-1 (invasive metastatic carcinoma). The cancerous cells are both HER2+. We assessed the transcriptional profiles of two core clock proteins, BMAL1 and PER2, which represent a positive and negative component of the molecular oscillator. In the normal H16N2 cells, both genes possessed rhythmic mRNA oscillations with close to standard periods and phases. However, in the cancerous cells, consistent changes were observed: both genes had periods that deviated farther from normal and did not have an anti-phase relationship. In the future, mechanistic studies should be undertaken to determine the oncogenic changes responsible for the circadian alterations found.

Head and Neck Swelling: A Cytopathological Perspective in a Hospital Based Study.

Introduction: Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology is a simple, relatively less painful, cost-effective minimal invasive procedure commonly employed in the evaluation of head and neck swellings. There are limited studies on cytological findings of head and neck swelling in Nepal. Objectives: The objective of this study was to study cytological findings of head and neck swellings. This study further intends to classify the nature of the swelling and use standardized international reporting system wherever required. Methodology: This is a retrospective hospital-based study done in the Department of Pathology at the Helping Hands Community Hospital, Kathmandu between 1 January 2019 and 32 December 2019. Slides of all FNAC from head and neck swelling done during this period was retrieved and evaluated for the study. Chi-Squared (χ2) test was used to investigate the significance of epidemiological and cytological parameters. Results: Males (56%) had more head and neck swelling than females (44%). The younger age group of less than twenty-five (< 25) years had more frequency of head and swelling followed by the older age group of more than fifty (>50) years. The most common site for Fine needle aspiration was lymph nodes (58%) followed by thyroid swelling (23%). Salivary gland swellings were the least frequent (5%). Of all the swelling, 17% of cases were attributed to malignant causes. Infective/Inflammatory causes (55%) were the most common cause of lymph node swellings. Metastatic carcinoma was more prevalent in the older age group of more than fifty (>50) years with a prevalence of 21% of total cases studies. Most of the thyroid swellings were found to be benign (58%) whereas 16% of thyroid swellings belonged to the malignant category. The total numbers of salivary gland swelling were the least with 55% of cases having benign neoplastic etiology. Diagnosis of developmental anomalies like a thyroglossal cyst, lymphangioma, branchial cyst, though relatively less common (10%) were also made with the help of cytologic studies. Conclusion: Fine Needle Aspiration is a useful method to differentiate benign and infective cases of head and neck swelling from neoplastic cases.