scholarly journals Epidemiology of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in US Immigration and Customs Enforcement Detention Facilities

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. e2034409
Author(s):  
Felicia O. Casanova ◽  
Alice Hamblett ◽  
Lauren Brinkley-Rubinstein ◽  
Kathryn M. Nowotny
Keyword(s):  
Immigration And Customs Enforcement ◽  
Detention Facilities ◽  
Us Immigration

scholarly journals Characteristics of Deaths Among Individuals in US Immigration and Customs Enforcement Detention Facilities, 2011-2018

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (7) ◽  
pp. e2116019
Author(s):  
Molly Grassini ◽  
Sophie Terp ◽  
Briah Fischer ◽  
Sameer Ahmed ◽  
Madeline Ross ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immigration And Customs Enforcement ◽  
Detention Facilities ◽  
Us Immigration

Fugitive Rhetorics in Media Representations of Sanctuary

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-115
Author(s):  
Oscar A. Mejía ◽  
Kent A. Ono
Keyword(s):  
Media Representations ◽  
Television Shows ◽  
Immigration And Customs Enforcement ◽  
Laws And Policies ◽  
Critical Intervention ◽  
Us Immigration

Representations of undocumented people on television shows such as The Fosters can impact how audiences understand contemporary issues concerning sanctuary and migrants. In this Critical Intervention forum essay, we examine the intricate representation of Ximena, a Latinx woman, and her struggle as an undocumented person who takes up sanctuary in a church to avoid being arrested by US Immigration and Customs Enforcement. This televisual representation of Ximena highlights the need to incorporate the complexity of undocumented people's experiences into mainstream narratives. As activist scholars, in this brief essay we support, critique, and contextualize representations of undocumented people and sanctuary as part of the work that needs to be done to help challenge dehumanizing representations, laws and policies, and actions.

Pulmonary Tuberculosis Disease Among Immigrant Detainees: Rapid Disease Detection, High Prevalence of Asymptomatic Disease, and Implications for Tuberculosis Prevention

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole J Boardman ◽  
Tiffany Moore ◽  
Jennifer Freiman ◽  
Geri Tagliaferri ◽  
Dakota McMurray ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chest Radiography ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Diagnostic Testing ◽  
Acid Fast Bacillus ◽  
Rapid Screening ◽  
Symptom Screening ◽  
States Immigration ◽  
Immigration And Customs Enforcement ◽  
Immigrant Detention ◽  
Detention Facilities

Abstract Background Rapid screening for tuberculosis (TB) disease at intake into immigrant detention facilities allows for early detection and treatment. Detention facilities with United States Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) Health Service Corps (IHSC) medical staffing utilize chest radiography and symptom screening as the primary screening for pulmonary TB (PTB) disease. This analysis describes the demographic, clinical, and microbiological characteristics of individuals identified with TB disease at these facilities. Methods We conducted a retrospective analysis to describe the population of immigrant detainees identified via chest radiography with PTB disease between 1 January 2014 and 31 December 2016 at facilities with IHSC medical staffing. We collected demographic variables, clinical presentation, diagnostic testing results, and microbiological findings. We generated descriptive statistics and examined univariate and multivariate associations between the variables collected and symptomatic status. Results We identified 327 patients with confirmed PTB disease (incidence rate, 92.8 per 100 000); the majority of patients were asymptomatic (79.2%) at diagnosis. Adjusting for all other variables in the model, the presence of cavitary lesions, acid-fast bacillus smear positivity, and multilobar presentation were significantly associated with symptomatic status. Among all patients identified with TB disease who had a tuberculin skin test (TST) result recorded, 27.2% were both asymptomatic and TST negative, including those with smear-positive disease. Conclusions Asymptomatic PTB disease is a significant clinical entity among immigrant detainees and placement in a congregate setting calls for aggressive screening to prevent transmission. Early identification, isolation, and treatment of TB disease benefit not only the health of the patient, but also the surrounding community.

scholarly journals Modeling COVID-19 and Its Impacts on U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) Detention Facilities, 2020

2020 ◽  
Vol 97 (4) ◽  
pp. 439-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Irvine ◽  
Daniel Coombs ◽  
Julianne Skarha ◽  
Brandon del Pozo ◽  
Josiah Rich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immigration And Customs Enforcement ◽  
Detention Facilities

scholarly journals The Impact of COVID-19 on Immigration Detention

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatma E. Marouf
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Tracking System ◽  
The United States ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Public Health Authority ◽  
Immigration Detention ◽  
Immigration And Customs Enforcement ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Detention Facilities ◽  
United States Code

COVID-19 has spread quickly through immigration detention facilities in the United States. As of December 2, 2020, there have been over 7,500 confirmed COVID-19 cases among detained noncitizens. This Article examines why COVID-19 spread rapidly in immigration detention facilities, how it has transformed detention and deportation proceedings, and what can be done to improve the situation for detained noncitizens. Part I identifies key factors that contributed to the rapid spread of COVID-19 in immigration detention. While these factors are not an exhaustive list, they highlight important weaknesses in the immigration detention system. Part II then examines how the pandemic changed the size of the population in detention, the length of detention, and the nature of removal proceedings. In Part III, the Article offers recommendations for mitigating the impact of COVID-19 on detained noncitizens. These recommendations include using more alternatives to detention, curtailing transfers between detention facilities, establishing a better tracking system for medically vulnerable detainees, prioritizing bond hearings and habeas petitions, and including immigration detainees among the groups to be offered COVID-19 vaccine in the initial phase of the vaccination program. The lessons learned from the spread of COVID-19 in immigration detention will hopefully lead to a better response to any future pandemics. In discussing these issues, the Article draws on national data from January 2019 through November 2020 published by Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) and Customs and Border Protection (CBP), two agencies within DHS. The main datasets used are detention statistics published by ICE for FY 2019 (Oct. 2018-Sep. 2019), FY 2020 (Oct. 2019-Sep. 2020), and the first two months of FY 2021 (Oct. 2020-Nov. 2020). These datasets include detention statistics about individuals arrested by ICE in the interior of the country, as well as by CBP at or near the border. Additionally, the Article draws on separate data published by CBP regarding the total number of apprehensions at the border based on its immigration authority under Title 8 of the United States Code, as well as the number of expulsions at the border based on its public health authority under Title 42 of the United States Code.

Can Physicians Work in US Immigration Detention Facilities While Upholding Their Hippocratic Oath?

JAMA ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 322 (15) ◽  
pp. 1445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Spiegel ◽  
Nancy Kass ◽  
Leonard Rubenstein
Keyword(s):  
Hippocratic Oath ◽  
Immigration Detention ◽  
Detention Facilities ◽  
Us Immigration

scholarly journals Opt-out Testing Pilot for Sexually Transmitted Infections Among Immigrant Detainees at 2 Immigration and Customs Enforcement Health Service Corps–Staffed Detention Facilities, 2018

2020 ◽  
Vol 135 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 82S-89S
Author(s):  
Edith Lederman ◽  
Andria Blackwell ◽  
Gina Tomkus ◽  
Misty Rios ◽  
Brent Stephen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽  
Staff Member ◽  
Screening Program ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Staff Members ◽  
Sti Testing ◽  
Opt Out ◽  
Correctional Settings ◽  
Immigration And Customs Enforcement ◽  
Detention Facilities

Objectives Correctional settings (prisons, jails, detention facilities) provide a unique opportunity to screen for sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among correctional populations with a high prevalence of infection. Immigrant detainees are a distinct and poorly described correctional population. The main objective of this study was to determine the feasibility of a national STI screening program for immigrant detainees. Methods and Materials We developed an opt-out STI testing program that included electronic health record integration, patient education, and staff member training. We piloted this program from June 22 through August 19, 2018, at 2 detention facilities with different operational requirements and detainee demographic characteristics. We assessed STI test positivity rates, treatment outcomes, estimated cost to conduct testing and counseling, and staff member perceptions of program value and challenges to implementation. Results Of 1041 immigrant detainees approached for testing, 526 (50.5%) declined. Of 494 detainees who were tested, 42 (8.5%) tested positive for at least 1 STI; the percentage positivity rates were 6.7% (n = 33) for chlamydia, 0.8% (n = 4) for syphilis, 0.8% (n = 4) for gonorrhea, 0.6% (n = 3) for hepatitis B, and 0.2% (n = 1) for HIV. The estimated cost to detect any STI ranged from $500 to $961; the estimated cost to identify 1 person infected with HIV ranged from $22 497 to $43 244. Forty of 42 persons who tested positive began treatment before release from custody. Medical staff members had positive views of the program but had concerns about workload. Practice Implications STIs are prevalent among immigrant detainees. A routine screening program is feasible if operational aspects are carefully considered and would provide counseling, education, and treatment for this vulnerable population.

scholarly journals COVID-19 Outbreaks in US Immigrant Detention Centers: The Urgent Need to Adopt CDC Guidelines for Prevention and Evaluation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
John J Openshaw ◽  
Mark A Travassos
Keyword(s):  
Federal Government ◽  
Homeland Security ◽  
Vulnerable Populations ◽  
Department Of Homeland Security ◽  
Detention Centers ◽  
Cdc Guidelines ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Immigration And Customs Enforcement ◽  
Immigrant Detention ◽  
Detention Facilities

Abstract There have been several significant outbreaks of COVID-19 in federal immigrant detention centers, which lack clear and consistent guidelines across Department of Homeland Security (DHS) agencies to limit the spread of COVID-19. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has issued detailed guidelines for the control, prevention, and evaluation of COVID-19 in detention facilities. Although the DHS’s Immigration and Customs Enforcement agency has stated that it complies with CDC recommendations, its policies significantly differ from these CDC guidelines, placing detainees at risk for contracting COVID-19. This submission urges the adoption of CDC guidelines across DHS-associated facilities. Such a policy change has the potential to protect and save the lives of the most vulnerable populations under the auspices of the federal government.

scholarly journals 1617. Mumps in Detention Facilities that House Detained Migrants—United States, September 2018–April 2019

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. S589-S590 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Leung ◽  
Diana Elson ◽  
Brandy Cloud ◽  
Dakota (Cody) McMurray ◽  
Rebecca J McNall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Case Definition ◽  
Mmr Vaccine ◽  
Public Health Response ◽  
Health Response ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Immigration And Customs Enforcement ◽  
Detention Facilities

Abstract Background Starting in September 2018, an unusually high number of mumps cases were reported in US adult detention facilities. Detention facilities usually involve close contact among detainees, facilitating transmission of mumps. Detainees in close contact with a mumps patient are at increased risk for acquiring mumps and should be offered a dose of MMR vaccine. We summarize the epidemiologic, clinical, and laboratory data for mumps cases in adult detention facilities during September 2018-April 2019. Methods Data were collected by health departments and US Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) Health Services Corps and reported to CDC. Cases were classified according to the CSTE case definition for mumps and confirmed by RT-qPCR; molecular sequencing was performed on mumps-positive specimens. Results From September 2018-April 2019, 389 confirmed and probable mumps cases in adult migrants detained by ICE in 44 detention facilities were reported in 16 states (figure). The median age of patients was 24 years (range: 18–66); 94% were male. Vaccination status was unknown for all patients. Most (80%) patients were exposed while in custody of ICE or other US legal agency, 7% were exposed before apprehension, and custody status at exposure was unknown for 13%. Among 265 patients with data on complications, 15% had orchitis; at least 3 were hospitalized. Mumps genotype G, the most common genotype in US, was identified in specimens from 70 patients. This mumps response included >7,000 MMR vaccine doses distributed to affected facilities, and hundreds of exposed detainees placed under restricted movement in their facility each week. The response is ongoing as new cases continue to be reported. Conclusion This is the first report of mumps outbreaks occurring in multiple states and detention facilities during the same period. These outbreaks are costly and challenging to control. Identifying target groups for vaccination is challenging since detainees are frequently transferred and MMR vaccine does not prevent mumps in persons already exposed and infected. Effective public health interventions require an understanding of detention settings. Development of national guidance and resources for public health response to mumps and other infectious diseases in detention facilities would be beneficial. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

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