Drug Use, Drug Problems and Drug Addiction: Social Influences and Social Responses

2010 ◽  
pp. 259-276
Author(s):  
John Strang ◽  
Michael Gossop ◽  
John Witton
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
Drug Addiction ◽  
Social Influences ◽  
Social Responses ◽  
Drug Problems

scholarly journals The relationship between severity of drug problems and perceived interdependence of drug use and sexual intercourse among adult males in drug addiction rehabilitation centers in Japan

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Risa Yamada ◽  
Takuya Shimane ◽  
Ayumi Kondo ◽  
Masako Yonezawa ◽  
Toshihiko Matsumoto
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
Sexual Intercourse ◽  
Drug Addiction ◽  
New Psychoactive Substances ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Psychoactive Substances ◽  
Unprotected Sexual Intercourse ◽  
Rehabilitation Centers ◽  
Drug Problems ◽  
Primary Drug

Abstract Background Consuming drugs in conjunction with sexual intercourse may shape the perceived interdependence of drug use and sexual intercourse (PIDS). Additionally, the severity of drug problems may have a significant impact on PIDS. However, this relationship remains unverified. Therefore, this study investigates whether the severity of drug problems is associated with PIDS among adult males in drug addiction rehabilitation centers (DARC) in Japan. Methods This study was a secondary analysis of the “DARC Follow-Up Study in Japan” conducted by the National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry in 2016, in which participants from 46 facilities completed a self-report questionnaire. A total of 440 males with drug dependence were included in the analysis. We analyzed participants’ demographic characteristics, history of sexually transmitted disease diagnoses, and responses to questions related to drug use (e.g., primary drug use and PIDS). Additionally, we measured the severity of drug problems using the Japanese version of the Drug Abuse Screening Test-20 (DAST-20). Results The median age of the participants was 42 years. The median DAST-20 score was 14.0, the primary drug was methamphetamine (61.4%) and new psychoactive substances (NPS: 13.6%). Multivariate analysis indicated that participants’ experiences with unprotected sexual intercourse (“mostly a non-condom user”: adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 4.410), methamphetamine use (AOR = 3.220), new psychoactive substances use (AOR = 2.744), and the DAST-20 score (AOR = 1.093) were associated with PIDS. Conclusions This study indicated that the frequency of unprotected sexual intercourse under the influence of drugs, methamphetamine and NPS use were strongly associated with PIDS. The severity of drug problems was also significantly associated with PIDS. It is necessary to develop culturally appropriate treatment programs adapted to the needs of patients who experience strong PIDS.

The Relationship between Self-Reported Religiosity and Drug Use by College Students

1979 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carol J. Turner ◽  
Robert J. Willis
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Private College ◽  
Drug Usage ◽  
College Counselors ◽  
Use Patterns ◽  
Current Drug ◽  
Drug Use Patterns ◽  
Drug Problems ◽  
The Relationship

As part of an extensive questionnaire on student drug use patterns at a small private college, this study was completed to determine the relationship between self-reported religiosity of college students and 1) the nature and incidence of current drug usage, 2) reasons for abstaining from drug use, 3) acceptable sources for referral in case of drug problems, and 4) persons with whom students would discuss their attitudes toward drugs. Statistically significant differences between religious and non-religious students at the 0.01 level were found in the current use of alcohol and marijuana, in reasons for abstaining from marijuana, amphetamines, barbiturates, and hallucinogens; in referral of drug problems to drug wise friends; and in discussing drug attitudes with parents and with college counselors.

scholarly journals Understanding Substance Abuse and its Correlation with Social Changes in Sikkim: A Sociological Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 48
Author(s):  
Peter Rai
Keyword(s):  
Drug Abuse ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Drug Addiction ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
World Health ◽  
Easy Access ◽  
Sociological Study ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries

<p>In contemporary society, the full-fledged impact of modernisation and globalisation which has given the free movement of people, goods and money across the countries of the world can be witnessed. This has also opened the economic opportunities among the individuals and communities in the society, which has become a new way of life. Society has changed over the years and activities of the people have also undergone social change. Even the trend of taking drugs has changed with change in society. Traditionally used drugs have been replaced by modern synthetic drugs. The proliferation of pharmaceutical industries, which manufactures narcotic drugs, has, directly and indirectly, encouraged the use and abuse of drugs due to easy access in the market. The epidemic of illicit drug users in the global society has increased significantly and simultaneously related crimes in society. </p><p>Drug abuse is global phenomena. A drug is a biological substance, synthetic or natural, which is taken primarily for non-dietary needs, and it is a substance, which affects the functioning of the mind and body or both. Globally, according to UNODC estimate, in 2009, between 149 and 272 million people, or 3.3% to 6.1% of the population aged 15-64, had used illicit substance once in the previous year. Cannabis and ATS (Amphetamine-type stimulants) are two important drugs which are commonly used worldwide. Within Asia, ATS ranks as the main drug of abuse in Thailand, Japan, Republic of Korea and the Philippines, and also China, Myanmar and Indonesia are in the second rank (UNODC, 2004). Heroin, cocaine and other drugs kill around 0.2 million people each year and also causes health problems with incurable diseases. The European Monitoring Centre for Drug and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA) defines the problem of drug use as, “injecting drug use or long duration regular use of opium, cocaine and amphetamines”. World Health Organisation (WHO), defines drug addiction as a ‘disease,’ and the American Psychiatric Association, define drug abuse as the ‘illicit consumption of any naturally occurring of pharmaceutical substance for the purpose of changing the way, in which a person feels, thinks or behaves, without understanding or taking into consideration the damaging physical and mental side-effects that are caused.'</p>

The Legislative Response to Alcoholism and Drug Addiction in the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990

1993 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-107
Author(s):  
J. Larry Goff
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
Job Performance ◽  
Drug Addiction ◽  
Americans With Disabilities Act ◽  
Rehabilitation Act Of 1973 ◽  
Employment Opportunities ◽  
Alcohol And Drug Use ◽  
Alcohol And Drugs ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
Reasonable Accommodations

The Americans With Disabilities Act was enacted in 1990 and became law on July 26, 1992. It represents the latest Congressional effort to provide protection against discrimination in the workplace to people with disabilities, giving them more access to employment opportunities for which they are qualified and which they can perform and imposing requirements on employers to help facilitate this through reasonable accommodations. The act also amended the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, extending the coverage of that earlier legislation to include more employers as covered entities as well as clarifying selected sections. For those who use or are addicted to alcohol or drugs, treatment under both acts has been uneven. The 1973 legislation was silent about these individuals except for an exclusionary provision dealing with current use vis-à-vis job performance and threats to the safety of other people and property. The Americans With Disabilities Act is more comprehensive in its approach both to individuals who use alcohol and drugs and to those who use them addictively. It has, however, still left some open questions and created some new concerns. The purpose of this article is to review the highlights of the Americans With Disabilities Act as it relates to alcohol and drug use and to explore some of the unresolved issues.

An Analysis of the Criminogenic Effects of Terminating the Supplemental Security Income Impairment Category for Drug Addiction and Alcoholism

2003 ◽  
Vol 30 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 391-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
James A. Swartz ◽  
Zoran Martinovich ◽  
Paul Goldstein
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
Drug Addiction ◽  
Hierarchical Linear Modeling ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Property Crime ◽  
Supplemental Security Income ◽  
Moderate Increase ◽  
Linear Modeling ◽  
Treatment Access ◽  
Reported Crime

This study examined the criminogenic effects of terminating the Supplemental Security Income program for drug addiction and alcoholism. Hierarchical linear modeling was used to analyze self-reported crime, economic, and drug-use data collected as part of a two-year multisite study with five interview waves from 1,640 former DA&As. The primary independent variables examined included subjects’ replacement of lost SSI benefits legally or through re qualification under another disability category and their weekly use of heroin and/or cocaine. The study found that failure to replace lost cash benefits resulted in a moderate increase in crime, particularly drug and property crime, that peaked two years after loss of benefits. Heroin and cocaine use were also related to criminality, though the magnitude of this effect was greatest at six months after loss of benefits. The study also found a relationship between drug use and loss of benefits, suggesting that the federal legislation has created a crime-prone residual population of drug users with limited treatment access.

We Can't Go Cold Turkey: Why Suppressing Drug Markets Endangers Society

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 325-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nick Werle ◽  
Ernesto Zedillo
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
Drug Policy ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Drug Markets ◽  
Material Resources ◽  
Patterns Of Use ◽  
The Right ◽  
Drug Problems ◽  
Cold Turkey

This essay argues that policies aimed at suppressing drug use exacerbate the nation's opioid problem. It neither endorses drug use nor advocates legalizing the consumption and sale of all substances in all circumstances. Instead, it contends that trying to suppress drug markets is the wrong goal, and in the midst of an addiction crisis it can be deadly. There is no single, correct drug policy; the right approach depends crucially on the substance at issue, the patterns of use and supply, and the jurisdiction's culture, institutions, and material resources. Decriminalization is no panacea for a nation's drug problems. Nevertheless, either de jure or de facto decriminalization of personal drug possession is a necessary condition for mitigating this crisis.

The Psychopathology of Drug Addiction: A Review

1994 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 597-622 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luigi Cancrini
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
Drug Addiction ◽  
Drug Abusers ◽  
Acting Out ◽  
Public Health Services ◽  
Type D ◽  
Special Cases ◽  
Hiv Infection Prevention ◽  
Type C

The psychopathology of drug addiction is reviewed. Empirical research data on a time span of more than twelve years are presented. The data support a four-type-based classification of drug abusers, and the family structure underlining such personality types is analyzed. Clinical cases are presented. Type A addicts (adjustment disorders) present an evident relation between the external event, psychic trauma, and drug-abusing behavior. Type B (neurotic disorders) have a tendency to reduce internal anxiety by drug abuse, and their personal problems may be covered by drug use. Type C (psychosis and borderline) are an heterogeneous group, where often drug use can create a intense experience of inner freedom. Type D (sociopathic personality disorders) often express their psychic conflicts by means of serious acting-out, and come from families were “nonexistent” marriages were established. Intervention in public health services is examined, as well as the evolution of the addiction depending on the typology. The special cases of information on HIV infection prevention and overdose risk are also evaluated. It is concluded that the typology of drug addicts may shed light on prevention and therapy, whereas more specific therapeutic programs are needed.

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