Pervaporation Performance of Methyl Tert Buthyl Ether/Methanol Mixtures through Natural Rubber/Polystyrene Interpenetrating Polymer Network Membranes

Semi–interpenetrating polymer network (semi–IPN) of natural rubber (NR) and crosslinked poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) was composited with zeolite 4A to form a mixed matrix (MM) membrane. PVA was crosslinked with sulfosuccinic acid (SSA) in the immediate presence of NR and zeolite. FT–IR spectroscopy confirmed the crosslinking of PVA in the MM membrane. Swelling measurements were carried out in both water and absolute ethanol. The degrees of swelling in both water and ethanol increased with increasing PVA content in the membranes, however they were found to decline upon increasing zeolite content more than 10 %w/w. The mechanical properties of the MM membranes were investigated by tensile testing. It was observed that the modulus increased with increasing zeolite content in membranes but the elongation at break was found to decrease. The thermal degradation of the MM membranes was studies using thermal gravimetry (TG). The MM membranes showed higher thermal stability compared with NR/PVA membrane due to the incorporation of zeolite. The dispersion of zeolite particles in the MM membrane was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis which showed a well dispersing of zeolite particles in the semi–IPN matrix. The sorption selectivities of MM membranes were enhanced with zeolite content especially, at low water concentration of ethanol–water mixtures. However the sorption selectivities of MM membranes decreased when water content in the liquid mixtures increased.

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Mixed matrix membranes prepared from natural rubber/poly(vinyl alcohol) semi-interpenetrating polymer network (NR/PVA semi-IPN) incorporating with zeolite 4A for the pervaporation dehydration of water–ethanol mixtures

Chemical Engineering Science ◽

10.1016/j.ces.2009.07.028 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 64 (23) ◽

pp. 4908-4918 ◽

Cited By ~ 68

Author(s):

S. Amnuaypanich ◽

J. Patthana ◽

P. Phinyocheep

Keyword(s):

Natural Rubber ◽

Vinyl Alcohol ◽

Polymer Network ◽

Interpenetrating Polymer Network ◽

Mixed Matrix Membranes ◽

Poly Vinyl Alcohol ◽

Mixed Matrix ◽

Zeolite 4A ◽

Matrix Membranes

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Synthesis and properties of biodegradable hydrogels based on cross-linked natural rubber and cassava starch

Journal of Elastomers & Plastics ◽

10.1177/0095244316676868 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 49 (7) ◽

pp. 574-594 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Chaiwute Vudjung ◽

Sayant Saengsuwan

Keyword(s):

Natural Rubber ◽

Polymer Network ◽

Fertilizer Application ◽

Cassava Starch ◽

Interpenetrating Polymer Network ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Gel Fraction ◽

Link Density ◽

Cross Link Density ◽

Water Swelling

A series of interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) hydrogels based on cross-linked natural rubber (XNR) and cassava starch (CSt) as biodegradable membrane material were synthesized via free radical polymerization in latex state using N, N′-methylene bisacrylamide (MBA) and maleic acid as cross-linkers. The IPN XNR/CSt hydrogels were confirmed and characterized by infrared spectroscopy, thermal analysis, and X-ray diffraction. The results showed that with increasing MBA content from 1.0 to 2.5 phr, cross-link density and gel fraction of XNR increased from 0.80 to 0.90 mol M−3 and from 19.7% to 30.5%, respectively. The gel fraction and tensile strength of the IPN XNR/CSt hydrogels also gradually increased as a function of MBA content but the water swelling and elongation at break decreased slightly. The IPN XNR/CSt containing 1.0 phr MBA displayed the highest water swelling of 82%. The weight retentions of IPN XNR/CSt hydrogels after soil degradations for 90 days increased from 48% to 56% with increasing MBA from 1.0 phr to 2.5 phr. The IPN XNR/CSt exhibited not only a good biodegradation but also high mechanical strength and flexibility. Also, the IPN XNR/CSt could be a promising candidate as a biodegradable membrane for longer released fertilizer application.

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Preparation and Properties of Interpenetrating Polymer Network Films from Prevulcanized Natural Rubber Latex/Chitosan Blends

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.396-398.400 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 396-398 ◽

pp. 400-406 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Guang Lu ◽

He Ping Yu ◽

Zong Qiang Zeng ◽

Yong Yue Luo

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Natural Rubber ◽

Polymer Network ◽

Natural Rubber Latex ◽

Interpenetrating Polymer Network ◽

Rubber Latex ◽

Elongation At Break ◽

Tear Strength ◽

Chitosan Blends ◽

Better Than

The acidfied sulfur-prevulcanized natural rubber (NR) latex was mixed with 1～20 parts per hundred rubber (phr) of a 2wt% solution of chitosan (CS) in 1wt% acetic acid, then cast to preapare a series of NR/CS semi-interpenetrating polymer network (semi-IPN) films; the NR/CS semi-IPN films were further treated with 0.5wt% glutaraldehyde（GA）solution for respectively 1, 3 and 6h to obtain NR/CS IPN films. The mechanical properties and swelling behavours in various media of water, toluene and reference olis of IRM901 and IRM 903 of these films were studied and compared with those pure sulfur-prevulcanized natural rubber latex (SNRL) film. Results showed that, NR/CS IPN films with better mechanical properties could be obained by treating the 24h-leached NR/CS semi-IPN films than by treating directly the unleached ones with 0.5wt% GA solution; the tear strength, 300% modulus, Shore A hardness, hydrophilicity and resistance to non-polar solvents and oil of the SNRL films increased with the incorporation of CS, while the NR/CS IPN films exhibited better than the NR/CS semi-IPN films, especially in tear strength enhancement; the tensile strength and elongation at break of NR/CS semi-IPN and IPN films gradually decreased with the increase in CS content. However, most of the elasticity of pure NR vulcanizate could be reserved, when the CS content was not greater than 15 phr.

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