Differential Deficit

2015 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Angus W. MacDonald
Keyword(s):  
Differential Deficit

Changes in Intellectual Performance of Acute and Chronic Schizophrenics

1966 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 791-800 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonard Kingsley ◽  
Elmer L. Struening
Keyword(s):  
Test Performance ◽  
Test Score ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Standard Test ◽  
Standard Score ◽  
Intellectual Performance ◽  
Enlisted Men ◽  
Chronic Schizophrenics ◽  
Differential Deficit ◽  
Performance Results

Army induction scores on the Armed Forces Qualification Test were available on 50 acute schizophrenics, 30 chronic schizophrenics, and 50 enlisted men. The Army General Classification Test was administered to the acute schizophrenics within 1 wk. after being hospitalized for schizophrenia, to the chronic schizophrenics up to 20 yr. after their first hospitalization for schizophrenia and to the enlisted men some time after induction. Difference scores were computed for all Ss by subtracting the standard test score of the AGCT from the standard score of the AFGT received at induction. The three groups were matched on education and test performance at induction. At the second testing, both acute and chronic schizophrenics scored significantly below controls. However, the chronic schizophrenics were not differentiated from the acute schizophrenics on test performance. Results suggested differential deficit in chronic schizophrenics but not in acute schizophrenics. Implications for further research were drawn.

scholarly journals HIV-Associated Episodic Memory Impairment: Evidence of a Possible Differential Deficit in Source Memory for Complex Visual Stimuli

2009 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin E. Morgan ◽  
Steven Paul Woods ◽  
Erica Weber ◽  
Matthew S. Dawson ◽  
Catherine L. Carey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Source Memory ◽  
Memory Impairment ◽  
Visual Stimuli ◽  
Differential Deficit

Facial Affect Recognition in Schizophrenia is there a Differential Deficit?

1984 ◽  
Vol 144 (5) ◽  
pp. 533-537 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josh Novic ◽  
Daniel J. Luchins ◽  
Richard Perline
Keyword(s):  
Facial Recognition ◽  
Facial Affect ◽  
Affect Recognition ◽  
Facial Affect Recognition ◽  
Control Task ◽  
Test Items ◽  
Chronic Schizophrenics ◽  
Significant Deficit ◽  
Differential Deficit ◽  
Human Faces

SummarySeveral studies have suggested that schizophrenics have a deficit in their ability to recognize the affect expressed in photos of human faces. In this study, the performance of 17 chronic schizophrenics was compared to that of 17 controls on both a test of facial affect recognition and a control task involving facial recognition. Compared with controls, chronic schizophrenics tended to perform more poorly on the test of facial affect recognition, but this difference was eliminated when facial recognition was entered as a covariate. When all test items, including those with poor reliability and discriminatory power, were included in the analysis the schizophrenics showed a significant deficit in facial affect recognition which persisted even when facial recognition was used as a covariate.

Further Evidence for Impairment in Abstract Conceptualization in Schizophrenia

1976 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 1019-1022
Author(s):  
David M. Wright
Keyword(s):  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Relevant Evidence ◽  
Differential Deficit ◽  
Sorting Test

Oltmanns and Neale (1975) have claimed that impairment in abstract conceptualization has not been demonstrated to represent a differential deficit in schizophrenia and that sorting-test measures of impairment exhibit inadequate discriminant validity. Contrary to Oltmanns and Neale's impression, evidence supporting impairment in abstract conceptualization as a differential deficit is found in the studies of Feldman and Drasgow (1951) and Drasgow and Feldman (1957). Furthermore, examination of the relevant evidence suggests that the discriminant validity of sorting-test indices of impairment is adequate and superior to that of proverbs-test measures.

Differential deficit in executive control in euthymic bipolar disorder.

2009 ◽  
Vol 118 (1) ◽  
pp. 146-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jill Maria Thompson ◽  
John M. Gray ◽  
John R. Crawford ◽  
John H. Hughes ◽  
Allan H. Young ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Executive Control ◽  
Differential Deficit

scholarly journals Verbal fluency deficits in Parkinson's disease: A meta-analysis

2004 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 608-622 ◽  
Author(s):  
JULIE D. HENRY ◽  
JOHN R. CRAWFORD
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Semantic Memory ◽  
Verbal Fluency ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Relative Magnitude ◽  
Semantic Fluency ◽  
Confrontation Naming ◽  
Cognitive Speed ◽  
Differential Deficit

A meta-analysis of 68 studies with a total of 4644 participants was conducted to investigate the sensitivity of tests of verbal fluency to the presence of Parkinson's disease (PD) relative to healthy controls. Both phonemic and semantic fluency were moderately impaired but neither deficit qualified as a differential deficit relative to verbal intelligence or psychomotor speed. However, PD patients were significantly more impaired on semantic relative to phonemic fluency (rs = .37vs..33, respectively), and confrontation naming, a test of semantic memory that imposes only minimal demands upon cognitive speed and effortful retrieval, was associated with a deficit that was of a comparable magnitude to the deficits upon each of these types of fluency. Thus, the disorder appears to be associated with particular problems with semantic memory. Tests that impose heavy demands upon switching may also be disproportionately affected. Demented and non-demented PD patients differ quantitatively but not qualitatively in terms of the relative prominence of deficits on tests of phonemic and semantic fluency. However, patients with dementia of the Alzheimer's type and demented PD patients can be differentiated from one another by the relative magnitude of deficits upon these two measures. (JINS, 2004,10, 608–622.)

Abstract Conceptualization in Schizophrenia: A Fundamental Psychological Deficit?

1975 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 807-811 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas F. Oltmanns ◽  
John M. Neale
Keyword(s):  
Methodological Issues ◽  
General Applicability ◽  
Conceptual Ability ◽  
Sorting Tasks ◽  
Differential Deficit ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Specific Definition

Wright (1975) has recently argued that impairment in abstract conceptualization is an important schizophrenic deficit. We contend that the data to which he refers are insufficient support for that conclusion. Although schizophrenics' performance on sorting tasks may be less efficient than that of some other groups, the significance of this finding is debatable. A differential deficit in conceptual ability has not been shown and the confounding effects of third variables have not been ruled out. In addition, the validity of sorting techniques in measuring abstraction has not been adequately established. These methodological issues have a more general applicability to the study of psychopathology. Appreciation of them and a more specific definition of “acceptable evidence” would reduce considerably the continuing state of confusion in research on psychological deficit.

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