scholarly journals Tumor Therapy: In Situ Tumor Vaccination with Nanoparticle Co‐Delivering CpG and STAT3 siRNA to Effectively Induce Whole‐Body Antitumor Immune Response (Adv. Mater. 31/2021)

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (31) ◽  
pp. 2170244
Author(s):  
Worapol Ngamcherdtrakul ◽  
Moataz Reda ◽  
Molly A. Nelson ◽  
Ruijie Wang ◽  
Husam Y. Zaidan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Tumor Therapy ◽  
Antitumor Immune Response ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Tumor Vaccination

In Situ Tumor Vaccination with Nanoparticle Co‐Delivering CpG and STAT3 siRNA to Effectively Induce Whole‐Body Antitumor Immune Response

2021 ◽  
pp. 2100628
Author(s):  
Worapol Ngamcherdtrakul ◽  
Moataz Reda ◽  
Molly A. Nelson ◽  
Ruijie Wang ◽  
Husam Y. Zaidan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Antitumor Immune Response ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Tumor Vaccination

scholarly journals The Basis of Anticancer Immunity Mechanism Induced by In Situ Vaccination

2020 ◽  
pp. 235-269
Author(s):  
Anastasia S. Proskurina ◽  
Vera S. Ruzanova ◽  
Tamara V. Tyrinova ◽  
Dmitry N. Strunkin ◽  
Svetlana S. Kirikovich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Tumor Antigens ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Antitumor Immune Response ◽  
Receptor Interaction ◽  
Target Antigen ◽  
Vaccination Site ◽  
Anticancer Immunotherapy ◽  
Immunity Mechanism

The present review is an attempt to characterize the principles of both onset and development of the systemic antitumor immune response triggered by in situ vaccination, which is a new trend in anticancer immunotherapy. Modern methods of cancer immunotherapy usually require the presence of a specific target antigen. The in situ vaccination approach does not need a specific antigen. The determinants necessary for the formation of the immune response are all present at the vaccination site, as tumor cells are lysed by cells of innate immunity, infiltrating the tumor and activated by the treatments. The first part of the review is a compilation of the literature data on causes, circumstances, and factors determining the presence in the local tumor node of the totality of tumor antigens essential for the development of the adaptive antitumor immune response. The second part of the review analyzes possible events of antitumor immune response development due to in situ vaccination using ligand-receptor interaction and antigen-presenting cells activation, based on the data structuring performed previously

Epigenetically Modified Pancreatic Carcinoma PANC-1 Cells Can Act as Cancer Vaccine to Enhance Antitumor Immune Response in Mice

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 307-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yifeng Tao ◽  
Feng Lin ◽  
Tao Li ◽  
Junjie Xie ◽  
Chuan Shen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Pancreatic Carcinoma ◽  
Cancer Vaccine ◽  
Antitumor Immune Response

scholarly journals Combining Oncolytic Viruses and Small Molecule Therapeutics: Mutual Benefits

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 3386
Author(s):  
Bart Spiesschaert ◽  
Katharina Angerer ◽  
John Park ◽  
Guido Wollmann
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Small Molecule ◽  
Antiviral Immunity ◽  
Oncolytic Viruses ◽  
Antitumor Immune Response ◽  
Antiviral Responses ◽  
Small Molecule Therapeutics ◽  
Immunosuppressive Factors

The focus of treating cancer with oncolytic viruses (OVs) has increasingly shifted towards achieving efficacy through the induction and augmentation of an antitumor immune response. However, innate antiviral responses can limit the activity of many OVs within the tumor and several immunosuppressive factors can hamper any subsequent antitumor immune responses. In recent decades, numerous small molecule compounds that either inhibit the immunosuppressive features of tumor cells or antagonize antiviral immunity have been developed and tested for. Here we comprehensively review small molecule compounds that can achieve therapeutic synergy with OVs. We also elaborate on the mechanisms by which these treatments elicit anti-tumor effects as monotherapies and how these complement OV treatment.

scholarly journals Radioiodine in Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma: Do We Need Diagnostic Pre-Ablation Iodine-123 Scintigraphy to Optimize Treatment?

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 553
Author(s):  
Elizabeth de Koster ◽  
Taban Sulaiman ◽  
Jaap Hamming ◽  
Abbey Schepers ◽  
Marieke Snel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Node ◽  
Lymph Node Metastasis ◽  
Thyroid Carcinoma ◽  
Treatment Success ◽  
Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Thyroid Remnant ◽  
Node Metastasis ◽  
Unsuccessful Treatment

Changing insights regarding radioiodine (I-131) administration in differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) stir up discussions on the utility of pre-ablation diagnostic scintigraphy (DxWBS). Our retrospective study qualitatively and semi-quantitatively assessed posttherapy I-131 whole-body scintigraphy (TxWBS) data for thyroid remnant size and metastasis. Findings were associated with initial treatment success after nine months, as well as clinical, histopathological, and surgical parameters. Possible management changes were addressed. A thyroid remnant was reported in 89 of 97 (92%) patients, suspicion of lymph node metastasis in 26 (27%) and distant metastasis in 6 (6%). Surgery with oncological intent and surgery by two dedicated thyroid surgeons were independently associated with a smaller remnant. Surgery at a community hospital, aggressive tumor histopathology, histopathological lymph node metastasis (pN1) and suspicion of new lymph node metastasis on TxWBS were independently associated with an unsuccessful treatment. Thyroid remnant size was unrelated to treatment success. All 13 pN1 patients with suspected in situ lymph node metastases on TxWBS had an unsuccessful treatment, opposite 19/31 (61%) pN1 patients without (p = 0.009). Pre-ablative knowledge of these TxWBS findings had likely influenced management in 48 (50%) patients. Additional pre-ablative diagnostics could optimize patient-tailored I-131 administration. DxWBS should be considered, especially in patients with pN1 stage or suspected in situ lymph node metastasis. Dependent on local surgical expertise, DxWBS is not recommended to evaluate thyroid remnant size.

scholarly journals Immune System Efficiency in Cancer and the Microbiota Influence

Pathobiology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Ana Margarida Barbosa ◽  
Alexandra Gomes-Gonçalves ◽  
António G. Castro ◽  
Egídio Torrado
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Therapeutic Response ◽  
Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Antitumor Immune Response ◽  
System Efficiency ◽  
Novel Targets ◽  
Cancer Immunosurveillance

The immune system plays a critical role in preventing cancer development and progression. However, the complex network of cells and soluble factor that form the tumor microenvironment (TME) can dictate the differentiation of tumor-infiltrating leukocytes and shift the antitumor immune response into promoting tumor growth. With the advent of cancer immunotherapy, there has been a reinvigorated interest in defining how the TME shapes the antitumor immune response. This interest brought to light the microbiome as a novel player in shaping cancer immunosurveillance. Indeed, accumulating evidence now suggests that the microbiome may confer susceptibility or resistance to certain cancers and may influence response to therapeutics, particularly immune checkpoint inhibitors. As we move forward into the age of precision medicine, it is vital that we define the factors that influence the interplay between the triad immune system-microbiota-cancer. This knowledge will contribute to improve the therapeutic response to current approaches and will unravel novel targets for immunotherapy.

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