scholarly journals Personalized Radiation Attenuating Materials for Gastrointestinal Mucosal Protection

2021 ◽  
pp. 2100510
Author(s):  
James D. Byrne ◽  
Cameron C. Young ◽  
Jacqueline N. Chu ◽  
Jennifer Pursley ◽  
Mu Xian Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mucosal Protection

Nonprotein sulfhydryl compounds in canine gastric mucosa: effects of PGE2 and ethanol

1985 ◽  
Vol 249 (1) ◽  
pp. G137-G144 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. A. Miller ◽  
D. Li ◽  
Y. J. Kuo ◽  
K. L. Schmidt ◽  
L. L. Shanbour
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Mucosa ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Mucosal Damage ◽  
Gastric Mucosal Damage ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Mucosal Protection ◽  
Gastric Mucosal Protection ◽  
Sulfhydryl Compounds ◽  
Mild Irritants

By use of an in vivo canine chambered stomach preparation in which the gastric mucosa was partitioned into two equal halves, the effect of topical 16,16-dimethyl PGE2 (DMPGE2) (1 microgram/ml of perfusate) and 8% and 40% ethanol on tissue levels of nonprotein sulfhydryl compounds was assessed. Both DMPGE2 and 8% ethanol significantly increased (P less than 0.005) mucosal levels of nonprotein sulfhydryls when compared with corresponding mucosa bathed with saline alone. In contrast, mucosa bathed with 40% ethanol showed significantly decreased levels. If mucosa was bathed with DMPGE2 or 8% ethanol prior to exposing the stomach to 40% ethanol, this depletion in sulfhydryl compounds was not observed. Since other experimental observations have shown that exogenously administered prostaglandins and mild irritants (such as low-dose alcohol) can prevent gastric mucosal damage by necrotizing agents (such as high-dose alcohol), our findings are consistent with the hypothesis that nonprotein sulfhydryls may play a role in mediating gastric mucosal protection.

scholarly journals Induction of Mucosal Protection against Primary, Heterologous Simian Immunodeficiency Virus by a DNA Vaccine

2002 ◽  
Vol 76 (7) ◽  
pp. 3309-3317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah Heydenburg Fuller ◽  
Premeela A. Rajakumar ◽  
Lawrence A. Wilson ◽  
Anita M. Trichel ◽  
James T. Fuller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Simian Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Dna Vaccine ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Serum Antibody ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Effective Vaccine ◽  
Lymphoid Tissues ◽  
Mucosal Protection ◽  
Mucosal Transmission ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

ABSTRACT An effective vaccine against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) should protect against mucosal transmission of genetically divergent isolates. As a safe alternative to live attenuated vaccines, the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of a DNA vaccine containing simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) strain 17E-Fr (SIV/17E-Fr) gag-pol-env was analyzed in rhesus macaques. Significant levels of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL), but low to undetectable serum antibody responses, were observed following multiple immunizations. SIV-specific mucosal antibodies and CTL were also detected in rectal washes and gut-associated lymphoid tissues, respectively. Vaccinated and naive control monkeys were challenged intrarectally with SIV strain DeltaB670 (SIV/DeltaB670), a primary isolate whose env is 15% dissimilar to that of the vaccine strain. Four of seven vaccinees were protected from infection as determined by the inability to identify viral RNA or DNA sequences in the peripheral blood and the absence of anamnestic antibody responses postchallenge. This is the first report of mucosal protection against a primary pathogenic, heterologous isolate of SIV by using a commercially viable vaccine approach. These results support further development of a DNA vaccine for protection against HIV.

scholarly journals IgG surfaces as an important component in mucosal protection

10.1038/72206 ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marjorie Robert-Guroff
Keyword(s):  
Mucosal Protection

MUCOSAL PROTECTION BY PROSTAGLANDIN E2

The Lancet ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 313 (8111) ◽  
pp. 317 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Johansson ◽  
B Kollberg ◽  
R Nordemar ◽  
S Bergström
Keyword(s):  
Prostaglandin E2 ◽  
Mucosal Protection

scholarly journals COX-2: A Pivotal Enzyme in Mucosal Protection and Resolution of Inflammation

2006 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 577-588 ◽  
Author(s):  
John L. Wallace
Keyword(s):  
Digestive System ◽  
Intestinal Inflammation ◽  
Mucosal Protection ◽  
Cox Inhibitors ◽  
Gastrointestinal Injury ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs ◽  
Long Term Consequences ◽  
Cox 2 ◽  
Cox 2 Inhibitors

The discovery of a second form of cyclooxygenase, COX-2, led to a burst of research aimed at the development of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs that would not damage the gastrointestinal tract. In the years since, this promise has only been partially fulfilled. Selective COX-2 inhibitors cause less gastric damage than conventional, nonselective COX inhibitors, but their use is still associated with significant gastrointestinal injury, and with toxicity in the renal and cardiovascular systems. COX-2 is now recognized as a source of mediators that produce many beneficial and detrimental effects in the digestive system. In this review, the roles of COX-2 in mucosal defense and injury are discussed. Furthermore, contributions of COX-2–derived products to the long-term consequences of intestinal inflammation, including cancer, are reviewed.

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