Brine spill remediation utilizing capillary transport and wicking materials in loam and silty clay soils

AbstractPotato brown rot, caused by Ralstonia solanacearum, ranked globally as the second most important bacterial plant pathogen. In the present study, the influence of different cropping programs in potato brown rot management was investigated in four infected fields in Egypt. Two districts were selected as sandy soils in Giza (Wardan) and Behera (Ganuob El-Tahrir) governorates. The other two were selected as silty clay in Minufyia (Talia) and Beni-Suef (Sids) governorates. The followed crop succession included corn, potato intercropped with cabbage, onion, cowpea, wheat, corn again, and ended by potato. The pathogen was undetectable after corn, onion, and wheat. It decreased in cowpea and cabbage rhizospheres in the clay soils. The pathogen was undetectable at all districts, except at Sids, where the pathogen was significantly decreased but was not eradicated. This was possibly attributed to the high ratio of NO3− and Na+ at this district. Decreased R. solanacearum density after corn coincided with the high ratio of fluorescent pseudomonads, endospores, and actinomycetes, being most clear in the poor soils (Wardan) and less clear under iron excess at Ganoub El-Tahrir as well as the clay soils. Corn rhizosphere supported an array of antagonistic actinomycetes such as strains similar to Streptomyces intermedius, Streptomyces albidoflavus group, Streptomyces argenteolus group, and Streptomyces erythrogriseus. Intercropping potato with cabbage decreased the density of the pathogen in rhizosphere, which is associated with greater antagonistic fluorescent pseudomonads, Bacillus spp. and Serratia spp. Onion soil and rhizosphere associated with abundance of antagonists and fluorescent pseudomonads, followed by S. maltophilia and Bacillus spp. Wheat soil and rhizosphere supported fluorescent pseudomonads and antagonistic Streptomyces spp., especially in sandy soils. The pathogen was undetectable after planting the ending potato in the three districts, Wardan, Ganoub El-Tahrir, and Talia. This was accompanied by a general oligotrophism and increased ratio of fluorescent pseudomonads, endospores bacteria, and actinomycetes along with a diversity of R. solanacearum antagonists such as S. maltophilia, Citrobacter freundii, Acinetobacter sp., Delftia sp., and Serratia marcescens.

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MEASUREMENT OF FRACTURE MECHANICS PARAMETERS IN SILTY-CLAY SOILS

Soil Science ◽

10.1097/00010694-199705000-00001 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 162 (5) ◽

pp. 309-322 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

J. R. Nichols ◽

M. E. Grismer

Keyword(s):

Fracture Mechanics ◽

Clay Soils ◽

Silty Clay

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SOME OBSERVATIONS ON THE UNDRAINED SHEARING STRENGTH USED TO ANALYZE A FAILURE

Canadian Geotechnical Journal ◽

10.1139/t69-010 ◽

1969 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 97-110 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

F. A. De Lory ◽

R. J. Salvas

Keyword(s):

Clay Soils ◽

Triaxial Tests ◽

Silty Clay ◽

Compression Tests ◽

Foundation Soil ◽

Shearing Strength

The undrained shearing strength of the foundation soil at the site of a failure of a low embankment was investigated by several methods. It was found that both field vane and laboratory compression tests tended to underestimate the strength required for stability. Further consideration of the test specimens from sample tubes showed the undrained shearing strength varied considerably with the position of the sample in the tube. Specimens from tubes from another site yield the same type of results. The two silty clay soils involved were studied in more detail using CIU and CAU triaxial tests and comparing cu/p′ ratios. It was found that in general they yielded the values usually obtained for lacustrine clays.

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Steel pipe piles in silty clay soils at Belawan, Indonesia

International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences & Geomechanics Abstracts ◽

10.1016/0148-9062(83)90847-1 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 20 (6) ◽

pp. A196

Keyword(s):

Steel Pipe ◽

Clay Soils ◽

Silty Clay

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Sorption-desorption and column leaching of strychnine with soil

Soil Research ◽

10.1071/sr99056 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 38 (3) ◽

pp. 603 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

H. Ghadiri ◽

D. Connell ◽

R. Parker

Keyword(s):

Pore Volume ◽

Clay Fraction ◽

Organic Matter Content ◽

Clay Content ◽

Clay Soils ◽

Silty Clay ◽

Soil Columns ◽

High Tendency ◽

Desorption Process ◽

Leaching Solution

Sorption–desorption of rodenticide strychnine by soil and its leaching through soil columns were studied on 4 typical soils of south-east Queensland. All 4 soils showed a high tendency to sorb strychnine, with the sorption rate higher for clay soils. The sorption capacities of the 4 soils are in the order Kingsthorpe > Warra > Oakey > Roma, which is also the order of decline in their clay contents. The desorption process also closely followed the clay content of the 4 soils. The 2 clay soils of Kingsthorpe and Warra not only sorbed a higher proportion of the applied strychnine at any application rate, they also showed a greater resistance to releasing their sorbed strychnine compared with the 2 silty clay loam soils. The effects of pH and organic matter content on the sorption–desorption of strychnine were inconclusive due to the dominant influence of clay content and the narrow range of these characteristics provided by the soils under investigation. The 2 clay soils of Kingsthorpe and Warra required a significantly higher number of pore volumes of leaching solution to pass through their respective columns for the concentration of strychnine in the effluent to approach that of the leaching solution, compared with the 2 silty clay soils of Oakey and Roma. The pore volumes of the leaching solution necessary for this point to be reached were not in the order of their clay contents, but when the cumulative volume of solution was used instead of the pore volume, the trend followed the clay content of the soils closely. Pore volume may not be an appropriate characteristic for assessing the leachability of strychnine through soil columns when the soil’s clay fraction is of an expanding type, as it is the case for Kingsthorpe soil. No desorption or leaching of strychnine took place in any of the 4 soils aged with a range of strychnine concentrations.

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Research of Consolidation of Water-Saturated Silty-Clay Soils with Vertical Drainage

Intellekt Sist Proizv ◽

10.22213/2410-9304-2018-1-76-82 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. 76

Author(s):

A A Kislyakov ◽

M A Kislyakov ◽

N K Simakov

Keyword(s):

Clay Soils ◽

Silty Clay ◽

Vertical Drainage ◽

Water Saturated

В статье рассматриваются вопросы изучения процессов консолидации водонасыщенных пылевато-глинистых грунтов. Перед исследователями ставилась задача оценки эффективности работы ленточных дрен в водонасыщенных пылевато-глинистых грунтах и определения оптимального расстояния между дренами. Методика проведения полевого эксперимента основывалась на положении о необходимости максимально возможного сохранения природной структуры грунта при установке в нем аппаратуры для исследований. Принят бесконтактный способ определения послойных деформаций грунта с помощью глубинных кольцевых марок и методы определения напряжений мессдозами и датчиками порового давления, которые устанавливались в пробуренные в массиве грунта скважины. Оборудование контрольно-измерительной аппаратурой полигонов с разным шагом дрен, а затем проведение наблюдений на них в сочетании с наблюдениями на полигоне без дрен позволяет оценить эффективность работы ленточных дрен в данных грунтах и определить оптимальное расстояние между дренами.

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Soil- and land classification in the old coastal plain of Surinam.

Netherlands Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.18174/njas.v1i4.17865 ◽

1953 ◽

Vol 1 (4) ◽

pp. 278-298

Author(s):

J.J. Van der Eijk ◽

H.A.J. Hendriks

Keyword(s):

Coastal Plain ◽

Tidal Flat ◽

Aerial Photograph ◽

Sandy Loam ◽

Clay Soils ◽

Silty Clay ◽

Silt Loam ◽

Land Classification ◽

Waterlogged Soils

The old coastal plain consists of isolated, scattered areas of dry or only periodically waterlogged soils. Their total area is 21% of the entire coastal plain. The soils are either sandy loam soils formed on the old offshore bar or silt loam or silty clay soils formed on the old tidal flat. An aerial photograph and a map on a scale of 1: 666, 666 are given and the soils are classified into series. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

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The Suitability of Expanded Shale as an Amendment for Clay Soils

HortTechnology ◽

10.21273/horttech.12.4.646 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 12 (4) ◽

pp. 646-651 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

John J. Sloan ◽

Wayne A. Mackay ◽

Phil Colbaugh ◽

Steve W. George ◽

Sam Feagley

Keyword(s):

Large Diameter ◽

Small Diameter ◽

Growing Season ◽

Plant Performance ◽

Clay Soils ◽

First Year ◽

Silty Clay ◽

Growing Seasons ◽

Expanded Shale ◽

Foliage Quality

Excessive soil moisture in clay soils can cause poor aeration and adversely affect plant growth. Small [1 to 3 mm (0.039 to 0.118 inches)] and large [3 to 6 mm (0.118 to 0.354 inches)] diameter expanded shales (ExSh), quartz sand, sphagnum peatmoss (SPM), and cottonseed hulls (CH) were evaluated as soil amendments for Austin silty clay soil. A 3-inch (7.6-cm) layer of each amendment was incorporated to a depth of 6 inches (15.2 cm), resulting in a 1:1 mixture by volume. Pansies (Viola × wittrockiana `Crown Azure Blue') were grown from December to June, followed by scaevola (Scaevola aemula `New Wonder') from June to November for two growing seasons. Foliage quality and extent of flowering were evaluated biweekly. Pansy root weights and above-ground biomass were quantified at the end of each growing season. None of the amendments significantly affected pansy foliage quality or the number of blooms per plant. Small diameter ExSh and SPM decreased pansy nitrogen content the first year after application, but not the second. During the first growing season, when soils were frequently saturated due to excessive rainfall, pansy root weights were significantly higher in soils amended with the small and large diameter ExSh. Large diameter ExSh treatments significantly increased the survival rate of transplanted scaevola plants and also the quality of foliage and percent blossom coverage during both growing seasons. Cottonseed hulls also increased scaevola survival for both growing seasons, but did not consistently improve scaevola foliage quality or bloom coverage. Of the five amendments tested, large diameter ExSh consistently improved overall plant performance more than the other amendments.

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Rice (Oryza sativa) response to clomazone

Weed Science ◽

10.1017/s0043174500089566 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 46 (3) ◽

pp. 374-380 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

David L. Jordan ◽

Patrick K. Bollich ◽

Ann B. Burns ◽

Douglas M. Walker

Keyword(s):

Oryza Sativa ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Clay Soil ◽

Clay Soils ◽

Silty Clay ◽

Silt Loam ◽

Loam Soil ◽

Silty Clay Soil ◽

Additional Field

Experiments were conducted in 1993 and 1994 to determine if seed treated with disulfoton at 3, 6, or 12 g ai kg−1 reduced bleaching of rice foliage caused by clomazone applied delayed preemergence at 0.56, 1.1, 1.7, or 2.2 kg ai ha−1 on silt loam and silty clay soils. Clomazone injured rice more on silt loam soil than on silty clay soil. Disulfoton reduced bleaching caused by clomazone. In additional field experiments conducted during 1995 and 1996, clomazone at rates as high as 2.2 kg ha−1 did not affect grain yield in seven of 10 experiments. Clomazone at rates below 1.7 kg ha−1 did not reduce grain yield in any of the experiments.

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