Purification of Drinking Water (Municipal Water Supply) by Activated Charcoal, Potassium Permanganate and Silica Gel Beds Vis a vis to Bleaching Powder and Its Effects on Fish Life

A qualitative study was developed aimed at understanding the social representations of water consumption by a segment of the population of a small town in Brazil. A total of 19 semi-structured interviews were carried out and subjected to a content analysis addressing opinion on drinking water, characteristics of drinking water and its correlation to health and diseases, criteria for water usage and knowledge on the source and accountability for drinking-water quality. Social representations of drinking water predominantly incorporate the municipal water supply and sanitation provider and its quality. The identification of the municipal water supply provider as alone responsible for maintaining water quality indicated the lack of awareness of any health surveillance programme. For respondents, chlorine was accountable for conferring colour, odour and taste to the water. These physical parameters were reported as the cause for rejecting the water supplied and suggest the need to review the focus of health-educational strategies based on notions of hygiene and water-borne diseases. The study allowed the identification of elements that could contribute to positioning the consumers vs. services relationship on a level playing field, enabling dialogue and exchange of knowledge for the benefit of public health.

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Estimation of Fluoride Concentration in Municipal Water Supply and Commercially Available Packaged Drinking Water in Mathura City. A -Comparative Study

Journal of Oral Health and Community Dentistry ◽

10.5005/johcd-8-3-131 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 131-134

Author(s):

R Gupta ◽

NA Ingle ◽

N Kaur ◽

E Ingle ◽

M Bhalla

Keyword(s):

Drinking Water ◽

Water Supply ◽

Fluoride Concentration ◽

Municipal Water Supply ◽

Municipal Water ◽

Pumping Stations ◽

Permissible Range ◽

Two Samples ◽

The Mean ◽

The Difference

ABSTRACT Introduction Presence of fluoride in water is known to cause many crippling diseases either by its insufficient or excess intake. Aim & objectives To compare the fluoride and TDS concentration in municipal water supply and packaged drinking water sold in Mathura city. Material and Method Total five water samples of packaged drinking water and ten samples of municipal water were collected from pumping stations of Mathura city. Fluoride concentration was determined by modified alizarin method, TDS was estimated by TDS meter. The student t test was used to compare the mean fluoride concentration of municipal water and packaged drinking water. Results The mean fluoride concentration of packaged drinking water and municipal water supply was 0.16 mg/L, 0.64 mg/L respectively. The difference between the mean of two samples was found to be statistically significant. Conclusion The fluoride concentration was low in both municipal water and packaged drinking water. TDS was in permissible range in packaged drinking water and unsatisfactory in municipal water.

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Estimation of Fluoride concentration in drinking water of Kathmandu Valley

Nepal Medical College Journal ◽

10.3126/nmcj.v22i1-2.30031 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 22 (1-2) ◽

pp. 39-43

Author(s):

Priyanka Shah ◽

S Khanal

Keyword(s):

Drinking Water ◽

Dental Caries ◽

Water Supply ◽

Water Samples ◽

Fluoride Concentration ◽

Bottled Water ◽

Kathmandu Valley ◽

Municipal Water Supply ◽

Municipal Water ◽

Drinking Water Samples

Fluoride has a preventive effect on dental caries. However, excessive/insufficient ingestion of fluoride can lead to the development of dental fluorosis/increased risk for dental caries respectively. The objective of this study was to estimate fluoride concentration in drinking water of Kathmandu valley. It was a community based cross-sectional study in which drinking water samples were collected from municipal water supply and bottled water. Municipal water supply was collected according to eight water schemes in Kathmandu valley and as for bottled water, 35 samples were randomly collected according to different brand names available in the commercial market. The samples were analyzed for fluoride content by SPADNS colorimetric method as per standard procedure set by American Public Health Association (APHA 2012).The results revealed that the fluoride content in drinking water samples was below the permissible limit (<0.5 ppm) as per Nepal’s drinking water quality standards and WHO guidelines. Hence, implementation of water fluoridation program can be initiated for municipal water supply and bottled water for prevention of dental caries to optimize the oral health of people.

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Identification of Taste and Odour Compounds from Western Lake Ontario

Water Quality Research Journal ◽

10.2166/wqrj.1984.010 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 111-118 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

B.G. Brownlee ◽

D.S. Painter ◽

R.J. Boone

Keyword(s):

Water Supply ◽

Water Samples ◽

Elemental Sulfur ◽

Lake Ontario ◽

Direct Link ◽

Municipal Water Supply ◽

Municipal Water ◽

Western Lake ◽

Odour Concentration

Abstract During August, 1983 geosmin was identified in a municipal water supply drawn from western Lake Ontario. The geosmin concentrations were 0.01-0.07 μg L-1, within the range for threshold odour concentration of 0.01-0.2 μg L-1. 2-Methylisoborneol was not detected. The odour 'event' coincided with a dieoff of Cladophora in the lake, but we were not able to establish a direct link between the dieoff and geosmin production. Decomposing Cladophora in shoreline areas produced a strong odour in the air. 3-Methylindole, elemental sulfur, dimethyl tetrasulfide, and dimethyl pentasulfide were tentatively identified in water samples collected from these areas, but geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol were not detected.

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